2024年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点7 非谓语动词（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）原卷版.docx

专题07 非谓语动词1. 掌握非谓语动词基本式和各种形式2. 掌握非谓语动词的句法功能3. 熟练运用非谓语动词作状语、宾语和补语 一．非谓语动词做状语1．分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系Hearing the news, they got excited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星2．动词不定式作状语(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等She was surprised to see George walk in.看到乔治进来，她很惊讶2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。

In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)二．非谓语动词作定语1．动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个到，最后一个离开Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)你有一封信要写吗？Do you have the ability to read and write in English?(同位关系)你有用英语读写的能力吗？2．分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, being done和done当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。

I have never seen a more moving film.我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的房子是给老师的The broken glass is Tom's.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water开水3．动名词作定语动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能a walking stick ＝ a stick for walking 手杖a sleeping car ＝ a car for sleeping 卧铺车三．非谓语动词作补语1．后接动词不定式作补语的动词及动词短语(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议 allow允许 ask询问；要求beg恳求 cause导致 encourage鼓励permit准许 forbid禁止 force强迫intend打算 invite邀请 order命令；要求persuade说服 prefer更喜欢 require需要；要求teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉want想要 warn警告 wish希望；想要wait for等待 call on号召；要求 depend on依靠She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则，并要求每个人都遵循这些规则。

He depends on you to help him with his English.他指望你帮助他学英语2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感 (feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let，have, make)，五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助 (help)，但在变为被动语态时需加toNobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.He is said to have been cheated in the street.据说，他在大街上被骗了The accident is reported to have killed two people.据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。

2．非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补(1)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例：I saw him leave a few minutes ago.我看见他几分钟前离开了As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重I'd like to see the plan carried out.我想看到这个计划被执行2)使役动词make, let, have, get后接复合宾语的情况：①make＋宾语＋The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了②let＋宾语＋Don't let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。

Let the work be done immediately.工作要马上去做He had the computer working all the night.他让电脑工作了一夜He had his wallet stolen on his way home.在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了She got her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车3．动词leave, keep, find, catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况(2)keep(3)find (4)catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人正在做某四．非谓语动词作宾语1．动词不定式作宾语(1)跟不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help(2)动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。

Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目3)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任2．动名词作宾语(1)常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免forbid/avoid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape(2)由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于), feel like (想要), insist on (坚持), get down to (开始认真做某事), devote ... to ... (致力于……), object to (反对), stick to (坚持), give up (放弃)等。

It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了3)下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：五．非谓语动词作主语、表语及其他1．动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面It's a great pleasure to talk with you.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣[名师指津] 在“It is/was。