
Words and Expressions.doc
8页婚姻、家庭、母亲和儿童受国家的保护Marriage, the family and mother and child are protected by the state夫妻双方有实行计划生育的义务Both husband and wife have the duty to practice family planning父母有扶养教育未成年子女的义务,成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务Parents have the duty to rear and educate their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents敬老、爱老、养老是中国的传统美德It is a Chinese tradition to respect, love and support the elderly老有所养、老有所医、老有听为、老有所学、老有所乐.The elderly should be supported, enjoy medical care, contribute to the society, engage in life-long learning and live happily.尊老爱幼respecting the old and loving the young禁止虐待老人和儿童maltreatment of old people and children is prohibited。
养儿防老raising sons to support one in one’s old age五保户a household enjoying the 5 guarantees(childless and infirm old persons who are guaranteed food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses by the collective); the “5-guarantees” household, ie., the aged, the infirm, old widows and widowers and orphans, taken care pf by the collective in 5 respects (food, clothing, medical care, housing, an burial expenses)老、弱、孤、寡the old, weak, orphaned or widowed敬老院home for the aged/elderly老年医院geriatric hospital老年大学university for the aged老年人the elderly/senior citizens无依靠的老人aged people with no families退休者retiree老化(过程)aging 养老金old—age pension退休金pension军属dependents of army men烈属families of revolutionary martyrs修身、齐家、治国、平天下。
Cultivate individual moral character, run the family in unison, manage the nation in order, and peace will prevail throughout the universe三纲(君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲)3 cardinal guide (ruler guides subject; father guides son; and husband guides wife)五常(仁、义、礼、智、信)5 constant virtues (benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and fidelity)核心家庭,小家庭nuclear family直系家庭stem family大家庭extended family 四世同堂family with 4 generations loving together under one roof破裂家庭broken family 家长family head/ head of the family家长制patriarchal system家庭大小family size家长统治patriarchal rule孝filial piety孝顺to show filial obedience孝子/女dutiful son/daughter终身大事a great even in one’s life媒人match—maker配偶spouse未婚子女unwed children夫妇关系conjugal relation患难夫妻couple who go through difficult times together 通婚intermarriage直系血亲lineal relative by blood三代以内的旁系血亲collateral relative by blood (up to the third degree of relationship)中国老龄问题全国委员会China National Committee on Aging老年学学会Gerontological Society中国老年基金会China Fund for the Elderly老年大学协会Association of the Universities of the Third Age国际老人节the International Day of the Elderly九九重阳节(中国敬老日)the Double Ninth Festival (a day of respecting the elderly in China)五好家庭运动the five-good family campaignWords and expressions:the United States Census Bureau美国人口调查局to release a report on颁布一份关于……的报告Hispanic women西班牙(或墨西哥)裔的美国妇女children in a family with only one parent单亲家庭的孩子们single—parent families单亲家庭the families headed by two parents双亲家庭Words and expressions:spanned from shortening … to …得到控制kept under contro1 dropped from 实现人口再生产类型的转变realize the transformation of population reproduction pattern, featuring … in the process of transition. 死亡率 mortality rateWords and expressions:自食其力1ive on their own earnings家庭承包责任制the household—based contract systemWords and expressions:chores [ tFC:]家务杂事reciprocal [ri5siprEkEl ]相互的; 互惠的各民族不论大小,一律平等、All ethnic groups,1arge or small, are equal.56个民族同呼吸、共命运、心连心.The 56 ethnic groups share the same lot/share weal and woe加强中国各民族之间的大团结to strengthen /enhance the grand unity between all/various Chinese ethnic groups在各少数民族之间建立起平等、团结、互助的关系to establish a relationship of equality,unity and mutual assistance between various ethnic groups保持或改革自己风俗习惯to preserve or reform one’s own customs and habits禁止对任何民族的歧视和压迫to prohibit discrimination against and oppression of any ethnic group禁止破坏民族团结和制造民族分裂的行为to prohibit any act which undermines national unity and instigates national division各民族都有使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由.All ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages强迫同化 forced assimilation民族平等/团结equality/unity among ethnic groups反对大民族主义to oppose big-nationality chauvinism大汉族主义great Han chauvinism地方民族主义local nationalism挑起民族矛盾to provoke ethnic conflicts民族感情/压迫/对立ethnic sentiments/oppression/antagonism少数民族聚居的地区/方areas where people of ethnic groups live in compact communities多民族杂居的地区/方areas where a number of ethnic groups live together实行民族区域自治to practice regional ethnic autonomy设立自治机关to establish/set up self-government organs行使自治权to exercise the power of autonomy自治区/州/县autonomous region/prefecture/county管理自己的内部事务to administer one’s own internal affairs统一的、多民族的国家a unified/unitary multinational country中国各民族不论大小,一律平等。
All Chinese nationalities, 1arge or small, are equal.在各少数民族间建立起平等。
