人教版必修三第四单元核心词汇和短语.docx

Unit4 Astronomy :the science of the stars（一）核心词汇1. system n 系统，体系，制度the solar system 太阳系the education system 训练体制eg The bank is equipped with a new alarm system.这家银行装有新的 警报系统 ；2. t heory n 学说，理论theoretical adj 理论的 theoretically adv 理论地 In theory 理论上，按理说eg In theory ,it can be used for ten years从理论上说它能用十年；3. in time 准时，迟早in time for sth/ to do sth 来得及 / 准时做某事In no time 马上，马上When you are in trouble , I will come to help you in time .当你处于困境时 ， 我会准时来帮忙你 ；You will learn how to do it in time.你迟早会学会如何做这事的；I will be in time for the train / to catch the train.我要准时赶上那趟火车；Don’t worry . I will get there in no time .别担忧，我 马上 就到那儿；4. unlike prep 不像 like prep 像 vt 宠爱 likely adj 很可能的1） It is unlike sb to do sth做某事可不像某人平常那个样eg It is very unlike Tom to be so late .迟到这么久可不像汤姆平常的作风；2） It is likely that 从句...很可能 ..egSb is likely to do sth 某人很可得做某事eg It is likely that Tom will pass the exam.汤姆很可能会通过这次考试；Tom is likely to pass the exam.汤姆很可能会通过这次考试；5 . harmful adj 有害的harm n & vt 损害1 ）be harmful to sb /sth 对...有害do sb harm /do ham to sb 对...有害harm sb /sth 对...有害/ 损害eg Smoking is harmful to our health .Smoking does harm to our health .Smoking harms our health吸烟有害我们的健康；2〕 There is no harm in sb’s doing sth / It does no harm for sb to do sth某人做某事没有害处；There is no harm in your talking with your friend . It does no harm for you to talk with your friend.你和伴侣谈谈没有害处；3） mean no harm 没有恶意I know he meant no harm.我知道他 没有恶意6 .lay eggs下蛋lay 〔laid ,laid ,laying〕“下蛋，产卵；放置，搁” lie 〔lay lain lying 〕躺，位于lie lied lied lying 说谎 lie to sb about sth eg The white hen laid three eggs last week.上周那只白母鸡 下了三个 蛋；She laid the baby down on the bed .她把婴儿轻轻地 放在床上；Don’t lie in bed all morning .别一上午都 躺在床上；The town lies on the coast .该城位于海边；He lied to me about his age .他对我谎说自己的年龄；7. exist vi 存在；生存 existence n 存在；生存1）“ There exists/ed +主语 +....”有/ 存在...There be 结构中的谓语动词 be 有时可用动词stand, lie ,exist, live 等词替换，能更形象、精确地表达某地“存在 / 有..”；There stands a big tree in the yard.院子里高耸着一颗大树；Once upon a time there lived an old monk in thetemple. 从前，那个庙里住着一个老和尚；There exist different opinions on this question .=There are different opinions on this question .关于这个问题有不同的观点；2） exist in/on 存在于 ..之中exist on sth : live on sth 靠..生存/ 生活 The problem only exists in your mind .这个问题只存在于你的大脑中；Does life exist on Mars .火星上有生命吗？3） come into existence 开头存在，产生in existence 现有,存在Eg When did the world come into existence.世界是什么时候产生的？This is the oldest temple in existence.这是现存最古老的寺庙；8. 1〕）in one’s turn 轮到某人It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事I will clean the blackboard tomorrow in my turn .= It is my turn to do clean the blackboard tomorrow.明天轮到我擦黑板了；2） take turns to do /in doing sth 轮番做某事by turns 轮番We take turns to do /doing the housework.= We do the housework by turns.我们轮番做家务；3）in turn 依次，逐个地The girls called out their names in turn .那些女孩逐一报出了自己的名字；9. prevent sb 〔from〕 doing sth stop sb 〔from〕 doing sth keep sb from doing sth阻挡/ 直至某人做某事protect sb/sth from /against .. 爱惜..不受损害 Eg No one can prevent us 〔from〕 going there.没有人能阻挡我们去那儿；No one can prevent the plan〔from〕 being carried out . 没有人能阻挡这项方案（被）实施；10. puzzle1) n 谜；难题It is still a puzzle to me how he solved the problem.他怎样解决那个问题对我来说仍然是个迷；2) vt&vi （使）困惑，（使）犯难puzzle over /about sth 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨That is what puzzles me .那就是使我困惑的事情；The police are still puzzling about /over how the accident happened .警察仍然在 苦苦思索 那次事故是如何发生的；３） puzzled adj “困惑不解的” ,多修饰人或人的表情Sb :be puzzled... ；a puzzled boy/ look puzzling adj “令人困惑的”，多修饰物Sth: be puzzling ； a puzzling problemeg The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzled by the puzzling maths problem.她脸上 困惑的表情 ，说明她被那个 令人困惑的数学问题给 困住了；11. now that 既然,引导缘由状语从句 .引导缘由状语从句常用连词 :because 〔由于〕，as 〔由于〕, since/now that〔 既然〕 eg Now that /Since everybody is here ,let’sbegin our class .既然 大家都在这里，咱们开头上课吧；He didn ’t come to school the meeting because he was ill .由于 他病了，所以他没去上学；As it is raining hard ,I can’t go shopping .由于 天在下雨，我不能去购物；12. watch out for 亲热留意；当心；提防look out for /be careful /take care / 当心watch one’s step 走路当心，谨慎行事watch over 监视；看管；照管While crossing the street ,please watch out for /look out for the coming car.过大路时，当心正过来的车；（二）拓展词汇1. religion n 宗教，宗教信仰religious adj 宗教上的，信奉宗教的，真诚的2. globe n 球体，地球仪，地球global adj 全球性的，全世界的3. violent adj 猛烈的，猛烈的，强暴的 non-violent adj 非暴力的 violently adv 暴力地， 猛烈地 violence n 暴力4. presence n 出席，到场，存在present adj 现在的，出席的，存在的n 礼物 vt 赠送5. harmful adj 有害的harm n& vt 损害harmless adj 无害的6. reaction n 反应，回应react vi 反应7. exist vi 存在，生存existence n 存在，生存8. puzzle n 谜，难题vt &vi （使）困惑，（使）犯难 puzzled adj 困惑不解的puzzling adj 令人困惑的9. biology n 生物学biologist n 生物学家10. physicist n 物理学家physical adj 物理学的，身体的11. lessen vi & vt 削减，减轻less adj 较少的12. weightlessly adj 失重地weightless adj 失重的weight n 重量。