小升初代词讲解及习题.docx

名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -其次讲 代词一、 定义 ：代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词；二、代词的 分类 ：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等；常见的代词分类表：分类 例词人称代词 we , you , he , she , it , them物主代词 my , your , his , our , their , mine , hers , theirs , ours反身代词 myself , yourself , ourselves , itself , themselves指示代词 this , that , these , those不定代词 all , some , any , much , many , few , little相互代词 each other , one another疑问代词 who , whom , whose , which , what连接代词 who , whom , whose , which , what关系代词 who , whom , whose , that , which , as1.人称代词分类及用法人称代词单数 复数人称主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us其次人称 you you you you he him第三人称she herit itthey them（ 1）主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了；I am a teacher. You are student.He feels happy everyday. We/You/They .go to school every weekday.（ 2）宾格：作宾语，表示动作行为的对象，一般放在动词后面； Give it to me.Let ’gso 〔let ’=lest us〕2.物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种；形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，后面要跟名词；如： This is my book.名性词的物主代词后面不能跟名词；如： This book is mine.=This is my book.人称我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形 容 词 性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir物主代词名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词 of 连用；如： Here is my dog. Its name is Tom. （形容词性物主代词 its 作 name 的定语） 第 1 页，共 23 页 - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -My sister lost her bicycle. （形容词性物主代词 her 作 bicycle 的定语）Is that coffee yours or hers. 〔 名词性物主代词 〕It s’your pen =It ’s yours. It ’s her dress = It’s hers.〔1〕名词性物主代词的用法A. 作主语如： May I use your pen. Yours 〔=your pen〕 works better.B. 作宾语如： I love my motherland as much as you love yours 〔=your motherland〕.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深；C. 作介词宾语I am writing with your pen, not with mine〔=my pen〕.d. 作表语如： My life is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你；（ 2） 形容词性物主代词的用法A. 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时 ,其次序是 :形容词性物主代词 +形容词 + 名词；如:My new bike 我的新自行车her young son 她年幼的儿子B. 形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数 ,也可以是复数；如: my pen 我的钢笔 his books 他的书C.形容词性物主代词不能单独使用 ,它后面必需跟名词 ,即在名词前作定语；如:这是我的钢笔 .[误]This pen is my. （错误的缘由： my 在此句中单独使用）[正]This is my pen.D. 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时 ,不能再用冠词来修饰名词（注：冠词包括定冠词 the和不定冠词 a, an 两类）；如 :那是我的自行车 . [误]That is my a bike. / That is a bike.错误缘由：不定冠词 a 和形容词性物主代词 my 同时显现[正]That is my bike.〔3〕 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时 ,不能再用指示代词 this, that, these 或 those 来修饰名词；如:他们的电脑在这儿；[误]Their those computers are here.〔 或 Those their computers are here.〕错误缘由：指示代词 those 和形容词性物主代词 there 同时显现[正]Their computers are here.〔4〕 名词性和形容词性物主代词的区分A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词，或代词 one；它总是单独显现在句中；如： The umbrella is mine. （ mine=my umbrella ）He likes my pen. He doesn ’ t like hers.〔hers=her pen〕B) 名词性物主代词 =形容词性物主代词 +名词为防止重复使用名词，通常可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词 +名词”的形 式；如：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为防止重复使用 bag， 可写成 My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.C) 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s 属格结构 . 第 2 页，共 23 页 - - - - - - - - -如： Jack's cap意为 The cap is Jack's. His cap 意为 The cap is his.D) 可 以 说 a friend of mine 〔ours, yours, hers, his, theirs〕 ， =one of my friends ； 但 是 不 能说 a friend of me 〔us, you, her, him, them〕 这种说法确定错误；E) 有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化；如：Don ’t lose heart. 别灰心（ lose heart：灰心）She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆；（lose one’ s heart to sb: 爱上某人）3.反身代词A. 定义：反身代词，又称为自身代词， 表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身；仍可以在句中起到强调的作用，用以加强语气；B. 用 法1）可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物；如： Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾；We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必需好好照料自己；2）可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物；如： I'm not quite myself today. 我今日心情不好；He doesn't seem himself this morning. 今日上午他好像不舒适；【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：I ’ m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒适；I ’ ll be myself again in no time.我过一会儿就会好的；3）可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气；如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦；I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作家本人；4）用在某些固定短语当中by oneself 单独地When I was young, I had to make a living all by myself. Would you go there by yourself.for oneself 为自己；独自One shouldn ’livte for himself alone. You must find it out for yourself.enjoy oneself 玩得很爽快talk to oneself 自言自语help oneself to sth. 任凭吃Please help yourself to some fish.4.双重全部格 ： 在同一名词词组中同时具备 's 以及 of 两种全部格a friend of my father's 我爸爸的一个伴侣（ 1） .of 前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词如： a, any, some, no, few, several 以及 two, three 等；例如： Have you read any stories of Lei Feng's. 你看过雷锋的故事吗？ They gave me some books of theirs. 他们把他们的一些书给了我；Three classmates of my brother's have found good jobs. 我哥哥的三个同学已经找到了好工作；（ 2） . 有时 of 前面的名词前面可以用指示代词 this, that 表示某种感情颜色；例如：That answer of Tom's was not right. 汤姆的那个回答是不对的；Something is wrong 。