2022年初中英语现在完成时.docx

精品资料欢迎下载现在完成时讲解与练习第三 He/She has been toHe/ She hasn ’ t been to Has he/ she been tohaven ’ t.Yes, he/she has.假如你想说 “我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了 ”、 “某人曾经做过什么事情 ”等等，该假如表达呢？第一请看下面的句子：（ 1） I have seen the film. I don ’t want to see it again.这部电影我已经看过，不想再看了；（ 2） Have you answered all the questions. 全部的问题你都回答了吗？（ 3） Have you ever looked at a travel brochure.人称 Beijing.They have given concerts all over the world.Beijing.They haven ’ t given concerts all over the world.Beijing.Have they given concerts all over the world.No, he/she hasn ’ t.Yes, they have. No, they haven ’ t.你看过旅行宣扬册吗？（ 4） She has never visited the USA.她从没有过去美国；观看：以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是注：规章动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同，不规章动词的过去分词见附表；练. 把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作确定和否定回答；1. I have done my homework. , 否定句： 用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响；我们把这种时态称为 “现在完成时 ”；一、 现在完成时的概念；①现在完成时通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作 或存在的状态；说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的 结果或影响 ；She has bought a car 她买了一辆车；She has arrived. 她到了；② 表示从过去某一时间开头始终连续到现在的动作或状态；Weve known each other since we were children. （我们从小就熟悉； ）I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.二、构成： ”助动词 have, has + 过去分词 ”现在完成时态的确定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以 work 为例）：人称 确定 否定 疑问 回答一般疑问句： 回答： 2. The plane has arrived.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答： 三、 现在完成时用法归纳1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果； 〔此种用法谓语动词用短暂性动词 〕如： The plane has arrived.常用的时间状语和副词：already 〔 已经〕 用于确定句中，通常放在 have/ has 与过去分词之间如： I have already done my homework.第一 I have seen the UFO.人称 We have travelled around the world.其次 You have been to人称 England.I haven ’ t seen the UFO.We haven ’ ttravelled around the world.You haven ’ tbeen to England.Have you seen the UFO.Have you travelled around the world.Have you been to England.Yes, I have./ No, I haven ’ t.Yes, we have./ No, we haven ’ t. Yes, I/we have.No, I /weyet 〔仍，仍旧，已经 〕 用于否定句和疑问句的句末；如： Has she finished cooking yet. 他做完饭了吗？ 练： I have already done my homework. 〔 变为否定句 〕ever 〔曾经 〕，句中，多用于疑问句如： Have you ever been to Shanghai. never 〔从不〕 ，本身否定before 〔 以前〕，句尾，独立用just 〔 刚刚 〕，用于确定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间；如： I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息；2. 现在完成时表示过去已经开头， 连续到现在， 可能连续到将来的动作和状态；常与表示过去某一时刻连续到现在的一段时间状语连用 ；如：a. for + 一段时间： for two hoursb. since + 时间点： since 1999, since last yearc. since + 一段时间 + ago =for + 一段时间since two days ago= d. up to now, till now, , so far〔 到目前为止 〕e. in the past two years, in the last few daysf. recently, lately〔 最近 〕如： Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.The Greens have lived in London since three years ago.[ 注]：其中在 a,b,c,d 这四种结构中，谓语动词必需为连续性动词；如： I have had this book for one and a half years. 〔 这本书我已买了一年半了！ 〕不能用 buy用 since 和 for 填空1. two years 2. two years ago 3. last month 4. 19995. yesterday 6. 4 o ’ clock7 4 hours 8. an hour ago9. we were children 10. lunch time 11. she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing the year before last.13. I ’ ve known him we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese three years.15. She has been away from the city about ten years.4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用；英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬时动词或非连续性动词，只表示一时的动作， 不能与表示连续的时间状语连用 ；常见的短暂性动词有： go, come, leave,find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend 等；eg. I have bought this book for three months. 〔 〕 非连续性动词与一段时间连用时可采纳以下三种方法：（ 1）将非连续性动词转化为连续性动词；leave- be away from close- be closedjoin- be in begin/start- be on 〔 电影开头 〕 buy- have go- be theredie- be dead finish- be overborrow- keep join –be in open- be open come back- be back（2）时间状语的变化： 把表时间的状语 “for ⋯变”为 “数词 + 时间名词 +ago”的短语形式；（即：将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时） 如： 他离开济南三年了；He has left Ji ’ nan for three years〕. 〔He has been away from Ji ’ nan for three years. He left Ji ’ nan three years ago.例如：1) They borrowed it last week. They it since .2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I a pen for .5. have been to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区分（ 1） have been to 曾经去过某地 〔现已离开 〕，可以与 ever, never, once, twice 等连用；（ 2） has gone to 去某地了，现在仍未回来；此句型一般用于第三人称；（ 3） have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久，如该地为小地方就用 at；句末常有for + 一段时间 或 since + 时间点翻译：你以前去过北京吗？ 吉姆已经去了伦敦； 格林一家在中国已经两年了； 6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分：〔1〕 侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关；如：Yesterday I went to the zoo. 〔 仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关 〕 Li Lei has read the book. 〔 说明李磊明白那本书的内容 〕（ 2）连用的时间状语不同： 一般过去经常与 ago, yesterday, last ⋯, in 2000, just nowlearned English.4. I bought a new bike just now. 〔 用 just 改写 〕 I just a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago. 〔改为同义句 〕等连用；而现在完成时与 already, yet, still , just, so far, in the last/ past ⋯, before, everW, e English three years.never, since ⋯ , fo等r时⋯间状语连用；【才能提升】[ 注] 现在完成时不行与 yesterday, last week, two days ago 等过去时间状语连用；现在完成时练习【基础巩固】一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I already 〔see〕 the film. I 〔see〕 it last week.2。