大学英语写作中的常见语病及应对策略.doc

大学英语写作中的常见语病及应对策略一、 语病的主要表现和分析（一） 词语运用方面的问题1. 词不达意受汉语的影响或因为对英语词义掌握不准确，学生在写作中会出现所选词语的意义与所要表达的意思不相符的现象例如：(1) We must assure that we can improve the working condition. (句中 assure 应改为 ensureassure 表示为使别人解除疑虑而作的“保证” ，而 ensure 则是强调对某种行为的结果有把握)(2) The Chinese people often respect cigarettes when they meet. (句中 respect 应改为 offer respect 只是“尊敬”之意，而这里需要的是“提供、给”之意)(3) Gradually, students will lose interests and become dull. (句中 dull 应改为 bored根据句义，学生会变得“厌学” ，而不是变得“乏味” ) 2. 词性不当因为对词性把握不准，学生在写作中常会出现“词性误用”的现象。

例如：(4) None can negative the importance of money.(句中 negative 是形容词，被误用为动词，应改为 negate )(5) Some people claim that fast food will instead of tradition food.(句中 instead of 是介词短语，被误用为动词，应改为 take the place of 或 replace) (6) Despite he is very diligent at study, he still cannot pass the CET4.(句中 Despite 是介词，被误用为连词，应改为 Although) 3. 搭配错误因为掌握的英语固定搭配有限，更主要的是受到汉语的影响，学生在写作中往往会用汉语的搭配去套英语，结果造成搭配错误例如：(7) In the past, the price of milk was so expensive that most families could no afford it. (“价钱贵”是汉语说法，英语中 price 不和 expensive 搭配，而和 high 搭配，所以应把 expensive改为 high。

)(8) The opportunity to be promoted in a joint venture will be smaller if one can not speak English.(句中的 smaller 应改为 less)(9) However the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.(句中的 faster 应改为 higher) （二） 句子构建中的问题1. 单用逗号连接句子汉语中单用逗号连接两个独立分句，但规范英语对此不予接受中国学生因受其母语的影响，也常常直接用逗号连接英语的句子例如：(10) The current was swift, he couldn’t swim to the shore.(有多种方法可以纠正这类错误，例如：① The current was swift, so/and he couldn’t swim to the shore. ② The current was swift; (therefore,) he couldn’t swim to the shore. ③ He couldn’t swim to the shore, for/ because the current was swift. ④ The current being swift, he couldn’t swim to the shore.) 2. 时态和语态的误用 与英语相比，汉语的时态和语态既不明显又不十分严格，而英语则形式复杂，规定也比较严格。

因此，学生在这些方面经常出现问题句子中时态、语态的误用使句子连贯性遭到破坏，造成句义模糊，甚至引起误解例如：(11) We drew the conclusion that Tom is dishonest.(可改为：We drew the conclusion that Tom was dishonest.) (12) I wrote to him, but my letter was not answered.(可改为：I wrote to him, but he didn’t answer my letter.)3. 指代不清句子中代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者前后所用的代词不一致，造成意义的模糊或混乱例如：(13) Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(句中代词使用所造成的模糊无法让读者明确判断出两位姑娘谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了该句可改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. )(14) And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.(句中人称代词 we 和反身代词 yourself 指代不一致，应改为：And we can also know the society by serving it ourselves. )(15) In today’s society, we can’t do without friends. So you have to try to make as many friends as possible.(可将前句中的 we 改为 you，或将后句中的 you 改为 we。

) 4. 句子结构不完整， 不完整句又叫残缺句或句子片断学生在写作中出现不完整句的原因主要在于把短语、从句当成了完整的句子例如：(16) There is a teacher I shall always remember. Because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile.(可改为：There is a teacher I shall always remember because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile.)(17) They enjoy reading a few types of novels. Such as science fiction.(可改为：They enjoy reading a few types of novels, such as science fiction.)(18) Bikes are so popular in China. (可改为：Bikes are so popular in China that almost every family has at least one.) 5. 该平行的结构不平行英语中可以通过一连串相似的语法结构，即平行结构来表达平行的思想内容。

平行结构可以是单词平行结构、短语平行结构、从句平行结构，也可以是句子平行结构该平行的结构不平行，也是中国学生写作中常见的问题例如：(19) She likes to fish, to swim and skiing.(可改为：She likes fishing, swimming, and skiing.)(20) Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often as good or better than an actual performance.(可在 as good 后增添 as，使 as good as 与 better than 达到平行)(21) But other people argue that everyone has a certain opportunity and a wise man will never lose it whenever it arises.(句中 and 后应加上 that，使后面的从句与前面 that 引导的从句实现平行) 6. 悬垂修饰语 悬垂修饰语又叫无依着修饰语，通常指在主句中找不到其逻辑主语的分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语等，这些短语在句中一般作状语用。

悬垂修饰语的出现，往往造成修饰语和主句之间的逻辑关系不清晰,导致整个句子意义的模糊例如: (22) When talking to the interviewer, my heart was beating very fast.(可改为：When I was talking to the interviewer, my heart was beating very fast.) (23) To succeed in a scientific research project, persistence is needed.(可改为：To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent.)(24) At the age of ten, my grandfather died.(可改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.) 7. 赘言（重复）写作时应追求的目标之一就是尽量简练能用单词表达的就不用短语，能用短语表达的就不用从句，能用简单句表达的就不用复合句然而，由于对词义的掌握不全面、不透彻，加之受汉语的影响，中国学生在写作中常常会出现一些冗言赘语，重复表达同一个意思。

例如：(25) My friend voluntarily offered to give me some help.(可改为：My friend offered me some help. )(26) For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. (可改为：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.)(27) We find the situation that exists at the moment intolerable. (可改为：We find the existing situation intolerable.)8. 缺少关联词语英汉语言的区别之一就是英语重形合，汉语重意合，其结果往往是英语的复合句中通常要用连词来连接各个分句，而汉语则常常不用连词不了解英汉之间这些差异，写作时就难免出错例如：(28) The sigh means cars can not enter.(应改为：The sigh means that cars can not enter.) (29) My suggestion is more attention should be paid to the issue of young people’s drug abuse. (应改为：My su。