写作无忧 流程得有【知识梳理+ 典例引路+拓展提升】 中考英语 必背语法核心知识精讲精练.docx
91页写作无忧 流程得有 一、考点分析:在上海中考中,写作占20分,分值所占比例大,而写作考察学生的英文综合运用能力,因此非常关键 【中考英语作文的评分标准】比较为学生所熟悉的就是“8+8+4”结构,即:1. 内容: 7-8分:内容切题,意思连贯,表达清楚、完整 5-6分:内容基本切题,意思大致连贯,表达基本清楚、但不够完整 2-4分:内容不够切题,意思不够连贯,表达不够清楚、有些离题 0-1分:文不对题,表达不清2. 语言:Ø 词数:每少5个字扣0.5分,以此类推只写出个别单词、词不成句不给分Ø 拼写:每错扣0.5分,同一错误不重复计数Ø 语法:同②Ø 标点符号、大小写:每两处错误扣0.5分,但扣分总和不超过1分3. 组织结构:Ø 内容充实、上下文连贯、用语规范、表达准确、无语法错误;词汇和句型句式运用恰当,多见好句型和习惯表达用语者,可给3-4分Ø 内容充实、不写废话;上下文连贯、用语规范、表达准确、无或少见语法错误;词汇和句型句式运用恰当,多见好句型和习惯表达用语者,可给2分Ø 一般情况下,内容和语言累计得分在15分以上者(含),方可得到1-2分组织结构分Ø 内容和语言在15分以下者,如文中有值得肯定的好句型和表达,可酌情考虑给1分组织结构分。
Ø 通篇句型、句式单一、词汇贫乏者,即使无语法错误,一般也不予给组织结构分 二、写作中常见问题:Ø 内容空洞,没有清晰的思路,表达能力不强,表达生硬呆板,甚至中式英语翻译思维Ø 议论过多,描写不足大多数情况下,把议论当成的作文的重点,常常跑题Ø 句式单一,都是简单句,缺少复合句Ø 结构散漫,思维跳跃,文章缺乏条理性Ø 连词的使用较少,并且使用单一,句子之间的连接很生硬 Ø 文章平淡,无亮点短语和句型,连接词等三、写作技巧分析:【高分作文的必备元素】 1. 书写工整,书面整洁,很少有涂改痕迹 2. 不出现语法,拼写,标点,大小写等错误 3. 文章字数最好控制在80-100字之间,切记过长或者过短,8-10句即可 4. 要点齐全为了避免遗漏要点,可以将题目中给出的要点标注出来 5. 开头言简意赅,不啰嗦,不偏题,迅速引入主题 6. 连接词使用恰当,不重复,上下文有连贯性,使之自然成一体 7. 应用词汇: 高级词汇的合理使用、同义词的变化使用、短语的恰当使用8. 多用亮点短语,并且使短语多样性,尽可能使用多种表达方式比如:同一个意思“帮助”,假如你就用一个动词“help”,显得词汇贫乏。
如果能在作文中不断地变换方式,用help、give sb. a hand、do sb. a favor、be in need of 等以表达“帮助”,表达更灵活生动9.句式多样性,可适当使用陈述句,疑问句,祈使句及感叹句,强调句,倒装句,定语从句,状语从句,宾语从句等 10. 能够恰当使用谚语、格言、名言等给文章添彩 11. 语法结构多样性,主动被动交叉用,原级比较级灵活用,非谓语动词恰当用 12.灵活使用万能句型,增添文章亮点 四、连接词汇总:1. 表起始:first of all, to begin with, in my opinion, according to, so far, as far as等2. 表时间: first, at first, then, later, in the end, finally, afterwards, after that, since then, for the first time, at last, as soon as, the next moment, meanwhile, later on, soon, finally等3. 表空间: on the right/left, to the right/left of, on one side of… on the other side of…, at the foot/top/end of, in the middle/centre of, next to, far from, in front of等4. 表因果:for, because of, one reason is that… another reason is that…,since,as, as a result (of),so,thus,therefore,as a result 等5. 表转折:but, yet, however, after all, in fact, while, instead of, unlike, although, after all等6. 表列举:for example, such as, like, in other words, and so on等7. 表推进:what’s more, furthermore,on one hand… on the other hand…, in addition to, as well, still, also, in other words, not only…but also…, besides,moreover…等8. 表总结:generally speaking,in short, in a word, in general, in brief, all in all等9. 表示目的:for this purpose,for this reason,so that,in order that,so as to,in order to…10. 表示让步:although,though,even though/if,no matter wh— 五、从句在写作中的使用:1. 不用说…… It goes without saying that … = (It is) needless to say (that) … = It is obvious that … 例:不用说早睡早起是值得的。
It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.2. 在各种……之中,…… Among various kinds of …, … /= Of all the …, … 例︰在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑 Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.3. 就我的看法……;我认为…… In my opinion, …= To my mind, …= As far as I am concerned, …= I am of the opinion that … 例:In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health. 就我的看法打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康4. 随着人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population, … 随着科技的进步…… With the advance of science and technology, … 例:With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass. 随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。
5. ……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that … …… 是重要的 It is important/essential (for sb.) to do / that … …… 是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that … ……是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that … 例:It is proper for us to keep the public places clean. 我们应当保持公共场所清洁 It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.6. 花费 spend … on sth. / doing sth. … 例:我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间 We shouldn't spend too much time on something we aren't interested in.7. how 引导的感叹句 例:那至少可以证明你很诚实 At least it will prove how honest you are.8. 状语从句 A)如果你不……,你就会…… If you don't …, you'll … 例︰If you don't keep working hard, you'll lose the chance. 如果你不坚持努力工作,你就会失去这次机会。
B) 如此 ……,以至于…… so … that … 例:At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up. 当时,我非常伤心,最后都想放弃了 C) 每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited. 每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad. 每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous. 每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened. 每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised. 例:Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad. = Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad. 每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。
9. 宾语从句 我认为,…… / 我认为……不 I think / I don't think that … 我想知道是否…… I wonder whether … 例:He doesn't think I should stop him joining the club.他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部10. Since + S + 过去式, S + 现在完成式例:Since he went to senior high school, he has wor。




