(完整word版)苏教版牛津高二英语语法总结.doc

牛津高中英语－模块五第一单元一 动词不定式：带to的动词不定式带to-的动词不定式的结构是to+动词原形，如，to do, to work.它可以单独使用，也可以组成动词不定式短语如：I was determined to be cheerful.1．带to-的动词不定式可以做：1）句子的主语如：To find a best friend is difficult. = It is difficult to find a best friend.2）句子的宾语如：I need to sleep for eight hours every night.1） 宾语不足语如：I asked him to come over.2） 定语如：I have a very important meeting to attend.3） 同位语如：His intention was to cheer me up.4） 状语如：My dad arranged some swimming lessons to surprise me.2．带to-的动词不定式有进行时态和完成时态如：Things seem to be getting better.John pretended not to have seen me.二 动词不定式：不带to的动词不定式1．可用于不带to的动词不定式的动词有：1）let make have（有时候）如：I let her borrow my book.She made me promise to write every day.The teacher often has his students read aloud in class.2)感官动词：feel hear see watch如：I saw her talk to her new friends.3）would rather had better why not如：I would rather go swimming.You had better tidy your bedroomWhy not visit your cousin in Japan?注：感官动词后可以接v-ing如：I saw her talk to her new friend. (见证谈话的整个过程)I saw her talking to her new friend. (见证谈话正在发生，但不一定见证整个谈话过程)2．当有and, or, except, but, than, rather than, 连接两个动词不定式时，后一个不定式往往省略to。

如：She told me to be cheerful and look on the bright side.Do you want to go shopping or watch a film?We had nothing to do but watch TV?I decided to write rather than phone.三 V-ing 作名词1．V-ing可以充当名词用可以被用做：1）做主语（指一般性的动作）如：Swimming is good for your health.2）做宾语（指一般性的动作）如：I love swimming in the sea during the summer.3) 介词之后如：I keep fit by swimming every day.4）物主代词之后如：Her swimming has improved since she started training every day.注：如果所谈论的人比较明确，那么物主代词可以省略如：Thank you for coming.5）组成复合名词如：There is a shoe in the swimming pool.2．以下动词后面接v-ingAdmit dislike imagine delay consider mind understand avoid enjoy practice miss finish keep suggest3．以下常用词组后面接v-ingWould you mind cannot help look forward to feel like cannot stand it is no use/good put off keep on如：Would you mind helping me with my homework?I cannot help wondering why she does not like me.I look forward to seeing you at the party.I don’t feel like doing anything now.She cannot stand seeing that boy.I think it is no use crying about your exam results now.I had to put off shopping for a while.He kept on asking me for my phone number.4．以下动词后面可以接v-ing或to do，意思上几乎没有区别。

Continue prefer begin hate like start5．一些动词后面既可以接v-ing，也可以接to do，但意义和用法上有区别在使用时要确保形式的正确如，forget regret remember mean try go onforget+ to do (事情还没做)如：He forgot to close the door when he left.Forget+ doing (事情已经做了)如：I’ll never forget winning my first gold medal.第二单元一 V-ing 充当形容词或副词1．v-ing可作：1）定语v-ing 可以放在名词前，像形容词一样修饰名词如：This will have a lasting effect.有时候会把一个副词放在v-ing前如：That was an extremely interesting speech.v-ing 可以和副词或名词构成复合词如：The fast-growing economy has caused environmental problems.A wood-burning stove is environmentally friendly.v-ing 可以放在名词后，像定语从句一样修饰名词，v-ing还可以被改成定语从句。

如：people running these factories are very concerned about the environment.=People who run these factories are very concerned about the environment.2）表语如：This destruction is frightening.1） 宾语补足语如：We all found his argument convincing and interesting.2．v-ing可放在stand, sit, lie 的后面，表示动作同时发生如：They stood talking to each other.=They stood when they were talking to each other.3．v-ing有完成时态，如，having worked如：Having worked side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy environment and stable economy should be possible at the same time.二V-ing 短语v-ing短语可以单独使用，后面也可以接宾语或状语。

如：They sat there smiling.They sat there smiling at each other.1．v-ing短语可以表示：1）时间如：Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly. =When I ask around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.Having observed the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time. = After he observed the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time.2）原因如：We are making bigger holes in the nets, hoping to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown. = We are making bigger holes in the nets, because we hope to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown.3）结果如：The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty. = The factory keeps releasing smoke. As a result, the air is made dirty.4)条件如：Preparing fully, we can achieve great things. = If we prepare fully, we can achieve great things.2．连词+v-ing 也可以来表示时间。

常用的连词有：when whenever while once until如：We have to take environmental protection into consideration when developing the economy.3．v-ing 从句的逻辑主语通常和主句的主语一致如：He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise in a blanket. = When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept t。