第七节 分译法

1、第七节 分译法分译divisionsplitting 把原文句子中的个别词、短语或从句分离出来，单独译出，自成短句，或使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。例如：For a further explanation of examination-dreams I have to thank a remark made by a colleague who had studied this subject, who once stated, A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifleA movement of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle 我离开那个单人掩体速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会像出膛的子弹一样。(名词译成小句) Alchemists made resultless efforts to transform one metal into another 炼金术士企图把一种金属

2、转变成另一种金属，这完全是徒劳的。(形容词译成小句。)His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machineryThat he failed to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machineryConciseConciseness因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。(名词短语译成子句。)The west for a century dirt-farm poor and ignored by the more industrialized eastern provinces of Ontario and Ouebec that control Canada has lately begun to sway the nations entire economic structure一个世纪以来，加拿大西部是贫困的小农经济地区。工业化程度较高、左右全国的东部省份安大略和魁北克曾对它不

3、屑一顾。但最近以来，西部地区对加拿大的整个经济结构已产生影响。(长句分译成三小句。)分译法主要用于长句的翻译。为了使译文忠实、易懂，有时不得不把一个长句译成两句或更多的句子。division作为一种翻译技巧，它除了指句子分译外，还包括某些词语意义的分译。 一、单词分译：提起分译法这一技巧，一般都指句子分译，很少有著家谈及单词分译。伍华民曾发表一篇文章，题为文学翻译中的单词分译，现摘引其有关部分(略有删改)。(一)单词词义分译：英语有些单词的语义呈综合型，即一个词内集合了几个语义成分。译成汉语时，不易找到合适的对等词，很难将其词义一下全部表达出来。这种情况下，汉译可采用分析型，即“扩展”型的方法分译原语，将其语义成分分布到几个不同的词语上。例如：Donald, who made his fortune as the proud creator of a plastic flamingo, a popular garden ornament in the United States, says he or Nancy will even convert some of their clot

4、hes into polishing cloths if the other persons identical outfit is no longer wearable.唐纳德靠制作朔料的火烈鸟发了财-他为之自豪；这种产品在美国是很受欢迎的花园装饰品。他说，如果他们俩人中有谁的衣服不能再穿了，另一个甚至会把自己相配的那一条拆了做抹布。that little pink-faced chit Amelia with not half any sense，has ten thousand pounds and an establishment secure，爱米丽亚那粉红脸儿的小不点儿，还没有我一半懂事，倒有一万镑财产，住宅家具奴仆一应俱全She is in wrong situation.I had a weak structure of hope of his not coming, when I heard his footsteps on the stairs.(二)单词搭配分译：英语中有些词语间的搭配关系颇有特点，汉译时要打破原文的结构，按照汉语习惯，将有关词语分别译出。例如：I

5、 have a busy day.= I am busy today.In white darkness, it is .I got a successful failure in the exam.she treated that lady with every demonstration of cool respect,她对那位夫人不冷不热，不失规矩 She had such a kindly，smiling，tender，gentle，generous heart of her own，她心地厚道，性格温柔可疼，器量又大，为人又乐观(heart一词被分译成“心地”、“性格”、“器量”和“为人”四个词，再与它前面的五个形容词搭配。) (三)灵活对等分译：英语中有些单词，如果按其在句中的位置机械地译成汉语，往往意义不够明确。遇到这类情况，应采用灵活对等分译，不拘泥于形式对应，尽量使译文读者对译文的反应等值于原文读者对原文的反应（读者反应论）。例如： Thus it was that our little romantic friend formed visions of the fu

6、ture for herself 我们的小朋友一脑袋幻想，憧憬着美丽的将来如果逐字译成“我们的浪漫的小朋友憧憬着未来”并不能算错，但意思却不甚明了，因为“浪漫”一词在汉语中的含义较多。此处为“想人非非”，所以拆译成“一脑袋幻想”较为明确，既突出了人物性格，又避免了翻译腔。 (四) 突出语言重点：有时逐字翻译虽然也能文从字顺，但却不如分译能传达句内所含的语意重点。例如： there was in the old library at Queens Crawley a considerable provision of works of light literature of the last century，both in the French and English languages 在女王的克劳莱大厦的书房里，有不少18世纪的文学作品，有英文的，也有法文的，都是些轻松的读物 (五)修辞需要词语分译：有时将单词分译只是为了达到某种修辞效果，如： And in their further disputes she always returned to this point，“Get m

7、e a situation-we hate each other, and I am ready to go” 从此以后他们每拌一次嘴，她就回到老题目，说道：“给我找个事情，反正咱们你恨我我嫌你，我愿意走。”一个hate分译成“恨”与“嫌”两个字，使得译笔生动，读者似乎如见其人，如闻其声。又如： Not that the parting speech caused Amelia to philosophize，or that it aimed her in any way with a calmness，the result of argument，倒并不是(平克顿小姐的)临别赠言使爱米丽亚想得通丢得开，因此心平气和，镇静下来此处将“philosophize”分译作“想得通”、“丢得开”，将“calmness”分译作“心平气和”、“镇静下来”，说明译者真正吃透了原文，摆脱了字典释义的束缚，使用恰当的译文语言再现了原文的特色，并做到了结构匀称，声调和谐，保持了原文的神韵与丰姿。二、句子分译：这是分译法的主要内容。下面叙述句子分译法的几种常见情况。所谓一长句可分译成几句中的句子的含义是什么

8、呢?此处所谓的句子不在于结尾处用句号，而在于有无主谓结构。一般说来，含有一个主谓结构的语言部分就是一个句子。(一)含定语从句的句子：除少数情况外，这类从句都是长句。在英汉互译时，特别是在英译汉中，如能将定语从句译成前置定语，则尽量避免其他译法；如译成前置定语不合适，则按其他方法翻译，一般是分译成另外一个独立的句子或另一种从句，如状语从句等。如：1“Well, theres never anything happened in my family Im ashamed of” “嘿，我家可从来没出现过见不得人的事。”(译成前置定语。) 2I am going to see my grandmother，who was ill in bed，to take her some butter and eggs and a fresh-baked cake that my mother has made for her 我去看病在床上的祖母，给她带些奶油、鸡蛋和妈妈刚刚烤好的蛋糕。(译法同上)3Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conv

9、ersation with a woman，who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable 伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话，这个女人现在异常无礼, 十分令人反感。 (定语从句译成另外一句。)4Its in line with the Charter，which recognizes the value of regional efforts to solve problems and settle disputes 它符合宪章精神，因为宪章承认由地区进行排难解纷的作用。(定语从句译成状语从句。)5so my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim, although I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable us to visit the countries of Socialism 因此，我到革命的中国来的希望相当小了，虽然我并没有放弃努力来争取一张护照，以便访问社会主义国家。(定语从句译成状语。)6They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country 他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈来愈猛, 遍及全国。(从句译成状语)7In a dispute between two states with which one is frie

《第七节 分译法》由会员jiups****uk12分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第七节 分译法》请在金锄头文库上搜索。