人教版2019年九年级初中英语知识归纳总结（第三部分）：动词

1、 人教版2019年九年级初中英语知识归纳总结（第三部分）：动词学生姓名： 年 级： 老 师： 上课日期： 时 间： 课 次： 第十一课时 动 词（一）一、知识概述在英语中，每个句子必须有一个动词来担当谓语。说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”，动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词和名词、代词一样，有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数一般要与主语的人称和数保持一致。学好了英语动词相当于学好了一半的英语语法，可见英语动词的重要性。在初中英语中，动词的分类、动词的时态和语态以及动词的各种形式之间的联系，非谓语动词的构成、用法等等贯穿整个初中课本，包括英语句型都离不开动词时态或语态，因此在学习时特别要注意英语中时态的运用和语态之间的区别。二、动词的分类及作用按照动词的词义和在句中的作用，英语动词可分为行为动词（又叫实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。1、行为动词表示动作或状态，能独立作谓语。如：She took pictures of treesHe is typing letters.行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。（1）及物动词及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整。I enjoyed the f

2、ilm very muchI gave the child another piece of cake.常见的能带两个宾语的动词有：bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc.（2）不及物动词本身词义完整，后面不要求跟宾语。如：Horses run fast.They work in a factory.She curled up in bed and began her book.2、连系动词（1）本身有词义，不能在句子中单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有：be, look, get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste, become.My father is an engineer.My brother has become a doctor.It seems that he was a million

3、aire.I dont feel very well today.（2）表示感觉知觉的动词可以是连系动词，如feel, touch, sound, smell.I can smell the sea.The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases.I feel a pain in the arm.She looked worried about it.3、动词与介词的固定搭配动词与介词的搭配主要指下列两种形式：（1）动词+宾语+介词The song always reminds me of my school days.Parents usually expect a lot of their children.I often take her for her sister.He hide everything from me.The headmaster praised the boy for his courage.They supplied people with enough food and drink.They

4、 presented us with a lot of flowers.The man was charged with mueder.（2）动词+反身代词+介词dress oneself in;prepare oneself forgive oneself topride oneself onHe gives himself to pop music.She always dresses herself in white.第十二课时 动 词（二）一、动词的形式大多数动词有四种基本形式：1、现在式；2、过去式；3、过去分词；4、现在分词；现在式是字典中所给的形式，也可称为动词原形。按照动词各种形式的构成方法，动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。1、第三人称单数形式；加-s的规则动词一般现在时单数第三人称形式的构成和名词复数的构成法及读音完全一样。情 况变化形式例词一般情况加-shelps makes gets以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的名词加-esguesses fixes goes washes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i, 加esflies cries tries studi

5、es2、动词的过去式和过去分词：构成动词-ed形式的规则。（1）规则变化的过去式和过去分词的构成是一样的。都加-ed。构成规则动词原形变化后一般在动词原形末尾加edlook play looked played结尾是e的动词加dlive hope lived hoped 以辅音字母加y的动词，改y为i加edstudy carry studied carried 重读闭音节的，又写最后一个辅音字母，再加edstop drop fit stopped dropped fitted （2）不规则动词的过去式及过去分词的形式是不规则的，可以查不规则动词变化形式表。 有些动词的三种形式一样。如：bet ;burst;cast;cost;cut;hit;hurt;let;read;shut;spread 下面是一些易误用的不规则动词bear, bore, bornbite, bit, bittenblow, blew, blowndraw, drew, drawndrink, drank, drunkeat, ate, eatenfly, flew, flownhide, hid, hiddenl

6、end, lent, lentmean, meant, meantride, rode, riddenrise, rose, risenshake, shook, shakenswim, swam, swumtear, tore, tornthrow, threw, thrownwear, wore, worn3、英语动词的现在分词，一般在动词末尾加-ing。规 则变化形式例 词一般情况加inggoing asking以不发音的e结尾的去e,再加ingwriting closing以重读闭音节结尾的双写最后一个辅音字母，再加inggetting beginning以ie结尾的先将ie变为y，再加ingdying lying tying第十三课时 动 词（三）教学重点一、助动词助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式，或用来加强语气。常用的助动词有:be, do, have, shall, will等。它们的具体用法如下：（1）助动词beA. 可用于构成进行时态She is doing her homework now.I

7、asked him what he had been doing all afternoon.B. 可用于构成被动语态The baby was put in bed by his mother.The invitation was received yesterday.C. 可与动词不定式构成谓语These books are not to be taken out of the room.She is to arrive at six this morning.（2）助动词haveA. 构成完成时态I have not seen him for three years.How long has your uncle taught in the village?He had lived in Scotland for fifteen years before he came to England.B. 和动词不定式构成谓语，表示因客观环境促使不得不做的事情She had to go shopping yesterday.（3）助动词doA. 构成疑问句和否定句Did anyone sh

8、arpen this knife?I dont think you are right.B用来加强语气I do want to have a talk with youDo come and see me.C用来代替动词词组Have you finished your work?Yes, I did yesterday.He plays basketball well. So does his brother. （4）助动词shall构成将来时态，单纯表示未来情况I shall not be back tonight.We shall pay a visit to the Banpo ruins next month.（5）助动词will构成将来时，用于第一、二、三人称。如：They will move to a new house.She will not eat any solid food.注意：（1）have to 与must的区别must是情态动词，意思是“必须”、“应该”、“一定要”，后接动词原形。Must的否定形式为mustnt.构成疑问句时，肯定回答一般用must。否定回答用neednt或dont have to 表示“不必”。如：Must I do it now ?Yes, you mustNo, you neednt.have to 表示“不得不，必须”，可用于多种时态。I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.Im sorry I wont go with you, Ill have to go to the bank.We dont have to install this new television

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