心理语言学 9
39页1、Chapter 9 Conversational Interactions June 1, 2010 Speech production in its social context: conversation 1.Lisa: Hey eva theres something I wanted to tell you. 2.Eva: mhm. 3.Lisa: My brother is coming to town for a visit next week 4.Eva: How nice 5.Lisa: and you know, he broke up with that awful Julie “last” week 6.Eva: how” very nice, whens he getting here? 7.Lisa: next Monday 8.Eva: Want to go shopping and help me pick out something really attractive before Monday? Speech production in its soc
2、ial context: conversation Features of conversation lPersonnel: Participants in a conversation Speaker(s) and addressee(s) lCommon ground: Knowledge and beliefs shared by the personnel Assumptions about what the other(s) know(s)/ believe(s) lAction sequence: Small joint projects in a conversation Opening, information exchange, closing Features of conversation lAdjacency pair:each person contributes something to a joint project. Agenda setting Question- and- answer sequence lContribution:Mutual ag
3、reement among the personnel that the addressee has understood the speaker continue to the next joint project. What is a conversation? nLoosely structured coordinated action. Speech production in its social context. nCoordinated by conventions and negotiation Opening Closing Turn- taking Topic selection Participant determination Conversational Interaction nConversation is a complex process of language use and a special form of social interaction with its own rules and dynamics. nConversation is a
4、 joint action: two participants jointly follow the rules. nConversation rules: with powerful influence of social and cultural context. Conversation as a speech event Opening conversations nDirect address Hey, George! nInformation request Do you know the time? nOffer assistance Are you looking for someone? nStereotyped expression Hello! Excuse me. nStereotyped topic Nice weather, huh? Come here often? We have only a limited number of ways to open a conversation. Closing conversations We use precl
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