2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前模拟强化练习题74（附答案详解）

1、2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The two scientists working independently made the same invention（ ）which made it difficult for the government to decide whom the patent is to be granted to.问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.collaborativelyD.elaborately【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。spontaneously “自发地，不由自主地”；simultaneously“同时地”；collaboratively “合作地”； elaborately “精巧地，苦心经营地”。句意：两个独立工作的科学家几乎同时发明了相同的东西，这让政府部门很难决定将专利权授予谁。由后半句句意可知只有B项符合句意，即只有这两个独立工作的科学家同时发明了相同的东西时，政府才会难以抉择。答案B2. 单选题Telecommunication developm

2、ents enable the sending of messages（ ）television, radio and electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.问题1选项A.viaB.amidC.pastD.across【答案】A【解析】考查介词辨析。via 经过，通过，凭借； amid在中间；past 越过，超过； across穿过，横穿。句意：电信的发展使消息通过电视、收音机和电子邮件的传递得以实现，爆炸式地向人们传递大量信息。由空格后的内容可知，此空意为通过的方式，答案A 。3. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured （ ）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can provide.问题1选项A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard toD.by means of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。in line with

3、“与一致”；in terms of “根据，按照”；in regard to “关于，对于”； by means of “凭借”。句意：一个国家的富有程度，应根据国家能提供的商品以及国民的健康和幸福来衡量。由be measured可知B项符合句意。答案B4. 单选题To survive, psychologically as well as physically, human being must inhabit a world that is relatively free of ambiguity and reasonably predictable. Some sort of structure must be placed upon the endless profusion of incoming signals. The infant, born into a world of flashing, hissing, moving images, soon learns to adapt by resolving this chaos into toys and tables

4、, dogs and parents. Even adults who have had their vision or hearing restored through surgery describe the world as a frightening and sometimes unbearable experience; only after days of effort are they able to transform blur and noise into meaningful and therefore manageable experiences.It is commonplace to talk as if the world has meaning, to ask what is the meaning of a phrase, a gesture, a painting, a contract. Yet when thought about, it is clear that events are devoid of meaning until someon

5、e assigns it to them. There is no appropriate response to a bow or a handshake, a shout or a whisper, until it is interpreted. A drop of water and the color red have no meaning, they simply exist .The aim of human perception is to make the world intelligible so that it can be managed successfully; the attribution of meaning is a prerequisite to and preparation for action.People are never passive receivers, merely absorbing events of obvious significance, but are active in assigning meaning to se

6、nsation. What any event acquired in the way of meaning appears to reflect a transaction between what is there to be seen or heard, and what the interpreter brings to it in the way of past experience and prevailing motive. Thus the attribution of meaning is always a creative process by which the raw data of sensation are transformed to fit the aims of the observer.The diversity of reactions that can be triggered by a single experience - meeting a stranger, negotiating a contract, attending a text

7、ile conference-is immense. Each observer is forced to see it through his own eyes, interpret it in the light of his own values, fit it to the requirements of his own circumstances. As a consequence, every object and message is seen by every observer from a somewhat different perspective. Each person will note some features and neglect others. Each will accept sonic relations among the facts and deny others Each will arrive at some conclusion, tentative or certain, as the sounds and forms resolve

8、 into a temple or barn, a compliment or insult.1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that （ ）.2.In order to assign meaning to anything in the world, one needs to（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?4.The authors main purpose in writing this article is to （ ）.问题1选项A.the world is bewildering to the infant and to the adult alike .B.surgery will restore a meaningful world to those who undertake itC.any response to the world would be impossible if mean

9、ing were not first assigned to itD.the world will be devoid of meaning if people fail to understand the special incoming signals问题2选项A.have a full knowledge of the structure of the worldB.transform the incoming signals, with the help of previous experiences, so that they can serve ones own purposeC.differentiate incoming signals that are of significance and those that are notD.be endowed with creativeness问题3选项A.Only visual images can be assigned meaningB.Incoming signals exist for the purpose of conveying meaning to peopleC.An individual might have to adapt himself to the diversified experience in this worldD.People may have different responses to the same incoming signal.问题4选项A.illustrate the different perspectives people

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