联盟驱动型创新政策的新发展讲义(68页PPT)

1联盟驱动型创新政策的新发展：集体知识和日本产学合作联盟2008年8月22日 2内容介绍1.理论探索：集体知识和集体战略2.日本的创新政策：实地调查3.经验分析4.结论3介绍政府的重组2001年4月：90个国家公共机构、医院和博物馆成为62个自主管理机构（IAI）。减少了72000名工作人员。4引进第三方评估自主管理机构：法律，19992004年4月：99个国家级大学变成89个自主国家级大学机构。5法律系统重组2005年5月，企业法改革外部CEO的参与2006年4月，反垄断法改革HeavySurcharge1997年12月，控股公司的恢复RestorationofHoldingCompany6自主管理机构的管理转型依照日本创新政策的转型联盟驱动型研究和发展71.理论探索产学联盟的理论集体战略集体智慧集体知识群众智慧8集体战略Astley,W.,Fombrun,C.,“CollectiveStrategy:SocialEcologyofOrganizationalEnvironments,”Academy of Management Review,vol.8,1983.Yami,Sad,“FondementsetPerspectivesdesStratgiesCollectives,”Revue Franaise de Gestion,No.167,pp.91-104,2006.9集体战略的类型(A&F)Commensalistic(WithinIndustry)Symbiotic(Inter-Industries)直接关系ConfederateConjugate间接关系AgglomerateOrganic10创业管理管理战略略竞争争战略略集体集体战略略ComprehensionofStrategies11集体智慧AcademyofArtificialIntelligenceinJapanhadaspecialissueonCollectiveIntelligencein2003.Takadama,K.2003.Ikegami,T.2003.The Wisdom of CrowdbyJamesSurowieckiin2004.12集体战略和集体知识CommensalisticSymbiotic直接关系ConfederateSharedKnowledgeConjugateSymbioticKnowledge间接关系AgglomerateLocalKnowledgeOrganicCommonKnowledge13集体知识和协同工作CommensalisticSymbiotic直接关系ConfederateSharedKnowledgeClearPurposeConjugateSymbioticKnowledgeUnexpectedResult间接关系AgglomerateLocalKnowledgeEngineeringwithObjectsOrganicCommonKnowledgeAnonymousCommunity14集体知识的模型Horaguchi,H.H.(2008)“EconomicsofReciprocalNetworks:CollaborationinKnowledgeandEmergenceofIndustrialClusters,”Computational Economics,vol.31,issue4,pages307-339.15设置SettingsCournotcompetitionwithGraphTheory.KnowledgecreatingcompaniescollaboratethroughNetwork.SimulationofEquilibriumQuantityandMathematicalProofforHubandSpokeTypeorCircularNetwork.16CournotCompetitionbyFourFirms17MatrixtobeInverted:4by418HubandSpokeType:CournotCompetitionbyFourFirms19MatrixtobeInverted:4by1202122232425MatrixtobeInverted:FreeScaleNetwork26ProductionLevelofFreeScaleNetworkTotalProductionLevel:=1,999,912,327,728,270,000,000,00027下一步研究Agent-basedSimulationCreationofClusterHowmanyClustersaremadeoutofrandomsettingsofparameters?Whyseven?CompetitionbetweenClusters28集体知识的特征知识遵照战略不同领域的知识由VariousfieldofKnowledgeisgatheredbyatypeofcollectivestrategies.Whatareincentivesofcollectingtogether?Productivityisreallyhigher?Howonecanmeasuretheresult?292.InnovationPolicyinJapan:FieldSurveyConferenceforIndustrialCompetitiveness(SangyoKyosouryokuKaigi,March,1999.May2000.)PrivateMeetingforPrimeMinisterObuchiandPrimeMinisterMori.InnovateJapanProject:March2003-Feb.2004.byNihonKeizaiShimbun(Nikkei).StrategytoCreateNewIndustry(ShinsangyoSoushutsuSenryaku,May,2004).MinistryofEconomyandIndustry.30InnovationPolicyinthe2000s31MajorCharacteristicsCreationofRegionalInnovationHotSpotsInterdisciplinaryResearchBusinessUniversityAlliancesCreatingLocalFundsTaxExemptionontheInitialFundingLocalInnovationCommunity:visibleforPolicymakersandpublics32Characteristicscontinued.Post-grantpatentreview,CreatingMeasuresforNationalInnovationPerformance:InnovationScorecardIntellectualpropertyprotectionTechnologyRoadmap33KnowledgeClusterInitiativeMinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology,MEXT,KnowledgeClusterInitiative:18cities,5,000-9,000millionyen5years.2002-2006/2003-2007/2004-2008.TheSecondRoundoftheKnowledgeClusterInitiative,2007-2011.3421Nano,Bio,IT,Semi-conductor,Environ-ment500millionyenperyearUniversity,Business,LocalGovt.Alliances6Clustersstartin200735TheSecondRound:6Cities,1billionyen5yearsFukuoka:AdvancedSystemLSIDevelopmentInitiative:SiliconSeaBelt.Nagano:SmartDevicebyNanoCompositeOsaka+Kobe:Bio-MedicalClusterSendai:ProactiveHealthCareClusterHamamatsu:Opt-ElectronicsClusterSapporo:BioCluster36Saito&KobeClusterBiomedicalClusterKansai37RegenerativeMedicare:EmbryonicStemCell3839404142FukuokaKitakyushuR&DHubofAdvancedSystemLSI43AutomaticDesignSystemofLSI444546SonnyKyushuCMOSSensor/CCD47CaseStudyinToyamain2006“TypeBcelllymphocyte”isplacedona“CellChip”withsmallwellsandresponsestocalciumischecked.ToyamaUniversity,MedicalDepartmentandEngineeringDepartment,SuginoMachine,Richell,ToyamaIndustrialTechnologyCenter.SCWorld,aventurecompany,wascreated.484950515253ProfessorAtsushiMuraguchiandProfessorHiroyukiKishi54555657IndustrialClusterProjectMinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustry,METI,IndustryClusterProject.9regionsdividedbythelocal“BureauoftheMETI.17projects,9800smallandmediumcompanies,290UniversitiesandPolytechnics5859AISTSecondResearchStrategy,2007603.EmpiricalAnalysisQuestionnaireSurveytoKnowledgeClusterInitiativeinJune2006.16response.HowCoordinatorsseetheperformanceoftheCluster.Questionnaire+Equation61SomeEmpiricalStudy:HypothesisBusinessBasedProjects(BBPs)intheKnowledgeClusterInitiativesarethefunctionsofcoordinationefforts,facilities,andorientations.62PoissonRegressionDependentVariable:BusinessBasedProjects(BBPs)intheClusters.IndependentVariables:OrganizingAcademicMeeting(Call)Outgoingtoseeotherclusters(Out)AgglomerationofS/MediumIndustry(Agg)Satisfactiontoincubationfacilities(Sat)Orientationtopracticalresearch(Prac)63BBPs=f(x),N=16Coef.Std.Err.zP|z|-Call|-1.842763.5601328-3.290.001Out|-2.996145.7385951-