蒙大英语国家-英国概况教案06-2British Family andWelfare (II)
3页1、Lecture SixThe Welfare State(By Wang Yan)I. What is a welfare state?A welfare state is a concept of government where the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The general term may cover a variety of forms of economic and social or
2、ganization The operations of the welfare state are in four main parts National insurance National Health Service Supplementary benefits are provided for people whose incomes are too low Services for the benefit of childrenII. History of Welfare StateBrief History of Welfare State in Britaino Help serviced by parishes ,early 17th cent.o Poor Law of 1834 discouraged people from applying for relief, the unemployed made stay in “workhouses” “Oliver Twist”, 1837o Major Reform in 1908 - National insur
3、ance schemes founded, enabling some people to cover medical & retirement cost.o Foundations of what came to be known as “the Welfare State” Workhouseso Workhouse, Winchestero Workhouse, AndoverThe Poor Law in 1834o OLIVER TWIST o Charles DickensDickens Centre, Rochestero Summer House -Portsmouth Museumo House he bought at his home towno LibraryIII. Aims of the post-World War II welfare legislationo The most radical and widespread reforms occurred after the Second World War in 1945. The measures
4、introduced then were based upon a famous document, the Beveridge Report of 1942. The main aims of the legislation which followed the Report wereo Lord William Henry Beveridge, 1879-1963 Main Aims of Legislation after the Beveridge Report o to create a system where housing, health services and social security (payments for unemployment, old age, sickness, disability, children) would be provided for all, as an egalitarian safety-net below which nobody would be able to fallo to establish a National
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