比较级、最高级(修订版).docx

形容词、副词比较级和最高级绝大多数形容词、副词有三种形式，原级、比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词、副词说明 的性质在程度上的不同I. 形容词、副词的原级: 形容词和副词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词、副词的原 形 例如: poor, tall great, glad, bad, lovely, fast, hard, well.1. as+原级+as （肯定句）…同.…一样He can drive the car as carefully as I/me. 他开车开得和我一样仔细Helen looks as tall as Mary. Helen 看起来和 Mary —样高注：表示甲在某方面不如乙时（否定句），用“not as（so）+原级+as”结构He is not as clever as she （is）/her. 他没有她聪明Tom didn't draw the picture as/so well as I/me. 汤姆画得没我好II. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是在形容词和副 词的原级的基础上变化的，分为规则和不规则变化1. 规则变化如下：1）. 单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形式在词尾加 -er 或 -est 构成.great （原级）-greater （比较级）-greatest（最高级）tall-taller-tallest few-fewer-fewest fast-faster-fasteststrong-stronger-strongest high-higher-highest hard-harder-hardest注：发音规则-er --- [s]faster ['fa：sts]* strong [strog]* young [jAQ]-est --- [ist] fastest ['fa：stist] stronger ['strogga] younger ['jAQga]strongest ['stroQgist] youngest ['jAggist]2）.以-e,-le结尾的单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-r或-st构成.wide-wider-widestlarge-larger-largestlate-later-latestable-abler-ablestfine-finer-finest3).少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est.clever-cleverer-cleverest narrow-narrower-narrowesthollow-hollower-hollowest bitter-bitterer-bittest4) .以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级变y为i,再加-er或-est构成.happy-happier-happiest heavy-heavier-heaviestearly-earlier-earliest easy-easier-easiest注：①以元音加y结尾的词，则直接加er,或est.grey- greyer- greyest gay-gayer-gayest②以形容词+ly变过来的副词，其比较级、最高级只能在其前面加more\most.slowly---more slowly---most slowly quickly---more quickly---most quickly5) . 以重读闭音节结尾的词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，应双写该辅音字母然后再加-er或-est.big -bigger-biggest thin-thinner-thinnesthot-hotter-hottest red-redder-reddestfat-fatter-fattest sad-sadder-saddest6）. 大多数双音节形容词、副词和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级在前面加 more 或 most.beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful difficult ---more difficult ---most difficul tired---more tired ---most tired careful---more careful---most carefulactive---more active---most active注：①形容词、副词前如加less和least则表示"较不"和"最不"；important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要② 以ly结尾的形容词比较级，最高级即可+er, est,也可+more, most;lovely---lovelier---loveliest/more lovely---most lovely7）. 一些形容词无比较级和最高级，如 favorite, right, wrong, perfect, excellent, only, full,maximum, minimum, woolen（表"材料”类）,American（表”国籍"类）等.2. 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:good/well---better---best much/many---more---mostbad/badly/ill---worse---worst little---less---leastfar---farther---farthest （距离）/ further---furthest（程度）old--older--oldest（年龄，旧）/ elder-eldest傢庭成员长纨不与than连用，只修饰名词） （了解）. late---later---latest （较迟---最新的） / latter---last （较后的---最后的，表顺序） 注： more 与 +er 不能同时使用！III. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法:1. 形容词、副词比较级的用法:形容词、副词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:1） .主语+谓语+形容词\副词比较级+than+对比成分。

Our teacher i s taller t h a n we （are）. 我们老师的个子比我们的高It is warmer todaythan it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和This picture looks more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮This meeting is less important than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要 注：比较的东西必须同类如：My bicycle is older than his. （V）My bicycle is older than he. （X）比较： She loves musicmore than him. = She loves music more than she loves him. She loves music morethan he. = She loves music more than he does.注： That/those 代替同类事物的比较 The weather in Chengdu is better than that in Beijing2） .The +比较级，the +比较级 越…，越…The bigger the bottle is, the morewater it will hold. 瓶子越大，装的水越多。

The more money you give to him, the happier he is. 你给他的钱越多，他越高兴The faster you drive,the more dangerous it will be. 你开得越快越危险3） .比较级+and+比较级\ more and more +原级 越来越...The weather is gettingcolder and colder. 天气越来越冷He ra n faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快 They take the boat outmore and more often.4） . the +比较级+of the two/twins 二者中更…的He is the taller of the two. 他是二者中更高的那个 Which is the better of the two? 二者中哪个更好？6).比较级前可用表示数量或程度的词修饰，常用的有much, even, far, too, no, a little, a bit, still, a lot, any, 10%, twice, 3 times.但不能用 very, quite 来修饰。

He fe lt no/a little/a lot better today. 他今天感觉没有好一些/好一点 /好很多 That car runsa little faster. 那辆车跑得稍快一点She is6 years older than her brother. 她比她弟弟大6岁That park is4 times bigger than this one. 那个公园比这个大四倍2. 形容词、副词最高级的用法: 形容词、副词最高级用于三个以上的人和物进行比较, 使用时注意以下2 点：1) . 形容词最高级前通常加定冠词 the, 副词最高级前面可加定冠词 the, 亦可省略the.She is the cleverest.He ran (the) fastest yesterday.2) .形容词、副词最高级后面可带in / of短语或现在完成时的从句，说明比较的范围 She is the tallest ofthe five girls. 她是5个女孩里个子最高的She is the tallest inthe class. 她是班上个子最高的Yao Ming is the tallest man thatI've ever seen in China. 姚明是我在中国见过的最高 的人。

注：(比较)Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?IV. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级之间的相互转换：1. 原级与比较级的转换：Sandy is not so(as) careful as Simon. = Simon is more careful than Sandy.= Sandy is less careful than Simon.Sandy doesn't work as/so hard as Simon. = Simon works harder than Sandy.2. 比较级与最高级的转换：This building is taller than any other building in the city.这座大楼比该市其他大楼都 高This building is taller than the other b。