
牛津译林版九年级英语上册Unit 1 Know yourself Grammar (共77张).ppt
77页Unit 1Know yourself GrammarØ To learn to use conjunctions: and, but, or and soØ To learn to use conjunctions: both ... and ..., not only ... but (also) ..., either ... or ... and neither ... nor ...ObjectivesGrammarA Using and, but, or and soWe use conjunctions like and, but, or and so to join ideas together. We use and to join ideas that are similar.• I am active and energetic. I love working with people. I am active and energetic, and I love working with people.We use but to join ideas that are different.• He does not like to talk much. His work shouts! He does not like to talk much, but his work shouts!We use or to introduce another possibility.• I can be a good teacher. I can be a good doctor. I can be a good teacher or a good doctor.In negative sentences, we use or to join two or more ideas.• He does not like singing. He does not like dancing. He does not like singing or dancing.We use so to express the result of something.• I want to share the best art with people.• I am always searching for something better or different. I want to share the best art with people, so I am searching for something better or different.Millie's classmates Millie wants to write about her classmates. Help her join her ideas with and, but, or or so.1.Kitty is kind. Sometimes she is impatient.2. ___________________________3. _________________Kitty is kind, but sometimes she is impatient.2. Billy would not accept others' advice. Billy would not think twice. ______________________________ ____________________3. Judy is gentle. Judy never gets angry with others. _____________________________ ___________________Billy would not accept others' advice or think twice.Judy is gentle and she never gets angry with others.4. Suzy worries too much. She cannot sleep well sometimes. _________________________ _________________________Suzy worries too much, so she cannot sleep well sometimes.B Using both ... and…, not only ... but (also)…, either ... or ... and neither ... nor ...We use conjunctions like both ... and…, not only ... but (also) …, either… or …,,and neither ... nor ... to connect the same part of two sentences to avoid repetition.both ... and ...We use both ... and ... to emphasize that something is true not just of one person, thing or situation, but of another too.• Kitty has known something about the four people. I have known something about the four people. Both Kitty and I have known something about the four people.not only ... but also ...We use not only ...but also ...to add another fact to something you have mentioned.• Careless will be a disaster to ourselves. Careless will be a disaster to patients. Careless will be a disaster not only to ourselves but also to patients.either... or...We use either ... or ... to mean one or the other, this or that, he or she, etc. • You take the lead. You fall behind. You either take the lead or fall behind.neither... nor...We use neither ... nor ... to mean not this one and not the other, not this and not that, not he and not she, etc.•My parents do not think I can make a good accountant.•I do not think I can make a good accountant. Neither my parents nor I think I can make a good accountant.When we use the conjunctions to connect two subjects, the verb form after both ... and ... is always plural, but the verb form after not only ... but (also), either ... or ... and neither ... nor ... can be plural or singular, depending on the subject closer to the verb.• Both Kitty and Simon are energetic.• Not only the students but (also) their teacher knows about the four people. • Either Simon or David is ready to take on new challenges.• Neither Millie nor her friends know about types of personality.Amy's family and classmatesB1 Amy is writing about what her family does at the weekend. Help her complete the sentences with the correct conjunctions.1._______ my dad _____ my mum goes to work at the weekend. We visit my grandparents on Saturdays.2._____ my mum _____ my grandma are good at cooking. They cook lunch for us.3.______ mum ___my dad does the dishes after lunch. I also help with it.Neither norBoth andEither or4. In the afternoon, my grandpa and my dad _______ play chess ____ chat with each other.5. My mum _______ helps clean the rooms for my grandparents ________ does some shopping for them.either ornot onlybut alsoB2 Amy and Suzy are talking about what jobs their classmates can do in the future. Complete their conversation with the correct conjunctions and the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Amy: I've learnt about jobs and personalities recently.Suzy: Really? What jobs do you think our classmates can do in the future?Amy: I think Millie would make an excellent teacher. She's (1)________ willing to work with children ________ patient with them.not onlybut alsoSuzy: What about Simon?Amy: He's active and good at playing football. I think he can be (2)______ a PE teacher ___ a football player.Suzy: Do you think David and Lisa can be artists?Amy: They're very organized, but artists should be creative. eitheror (3) ______ David's ____ Lisa's personality (4)___(be) suitable for being an artist, I'm afraid.Suzy: Who can be a manager?Amy: (5)______Billy______Paul (6)____ (be) very confident and energetic. I think they can be managers.neithernorisBothandareSuzy: How can I learn about jobs and personalities?Amy: You can read about them (7)______ from some books ___ on the Internet.eitheror连连 词词 (Conjunction)一、连词定义一、连词定义: 用来用来连接连接词、短语或词、短语或句子句子的词。
的词 e.g. I study English and Chinese. Does he work at school or in the hospital? I get up early, but my brother gets up late. 并列连词并列连词附属连词附属连词-连词:连词:and, but, or, so, for连词连词词组词组: either…or, neither… nor, not only…but also, both…and, (as well as)that, whether, if, unless, while / when, until, because, so that, so…that, though / although, even if, as…as 等等二、连词分类:二、连词分类:并列连词并列连词 -- 连接具有并列关系的词,连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子常见并列连词:短语或句子常见并列连词:1. 表并列关系:表并列关系:and, not only…but also, neither…nor2. 表选择关系:表选择关系:or, otherwise, or else, either…or3. 表转折关系:表转折关系:but, yet, still , however4. 说明原因:说明原因: for 5. 表示结果:表示结果: so三、用法三、用法:1.表并列表并列 2. 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等等, and所连接的前所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。
前后分句的时态往往保持一致系前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系假设第一个分句是祈使句关系假设第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时那么第二个分句用将来时•and He gave her a painting as a present, and she liked it so much. 他给了她一幅画作为礼物他给了她一幅画作为礼物,,她非常她非常 喜喜欢•not only…but alsoShe not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏,而且还会作曲她不仅很会演奏,而且还会作曲Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it. 他不仅作出了许诺他不仅作出了许诺, 而且履行了诺言而且履行了诺言.• neither...nor...Neither has she changed her mind, nor will she do so.她她既既没有改变主意没有改变主意,,也不打算这样做也不打算这样做He neither likes fiction, nor does he like poetry他既不喜欢小说,也不喜欢诗歌。
他既不喜欢小说,也不喜欢诗歌neither...nor...连接两个分句,并连接两个分句,并且且neither位于句首时,两个分句位于句首时,两个分句的主、谓语都要局部倒装的主、谓语都要局部倒装判断改错:判断改错:• They sat down and talk about something.• They started to dance and sang.• I saw two men sitting behind and ate there.FFFand (“和,并且〞和,并且〞)eatingsingtalked“and〞〞 连接平行结构连接平行结构 即学即练即学即练1::either A or B “或者或者A或者或者B〞〞neither A nor B “既不既不A也不也不B〞〞not only A but also B “不仅不仅A而而且且B〞〞连词词组连词词组【连接主语时,【连接主语时,谓语谓语“就近原那就近原那么〞】么〞】即学即练即学即练2::①① Either you or I _____ going to the party. (或者你或者我将去晚会。
或者你或者我将去晚会)②② Neither I nor he ______ seen the movie. 〔我和他都没有看过这部电影〕〔我和他都没有看过这部电影〕③③ Not only you but also he ________ French. 〔不但你而且他也讲法语〕〔不但你而且他也讲法语〕 amhasspeaks2. 表选择表选择 表示在两者之间选择一个表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连常用的连接词有接词有or, or else, otherwise, either…or…等等,前后分句的时态往前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系往保持一致关系,假设第一个分句是假设第一个分句是祈使句祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时那么第二个分句用将来时 •or• She must be joking, or she is mad.• 她肯定是在开玩笑,否那么就她肯定是在开玩笑,否那么就是她疯了是她疯了 • otherwiseYou'd better go now, otherwise you'll miss the train. 你最好现在就走你最好现在就走, 要不然就赶不上火要不然就赶不上火车了车了.• or elseThe book must be here, or else you've lost it. 书一定在这书一定在这, 要不然就是你把它丢了要不然就是你把它丢了.• either…or…•Either one goes forward or he will be left behind. •不进那么退不进那么退.•He either watches TV or reads books in the evening. •晚上他不是看电视晚上他不是看电视,就是看书就是看书.〔〔1〕肯定句中用〕肯定句中用“and〞〞 表表“和和〞;〞;〔〔2〕否认句中用〕否认句中用“or〞表〞表“和〞和〞 。
1〕翻译:〕翻译:①① 我喜欢英语和数学我喜欢英语和数学 ②② 我不喜欢英语和数学我不喜欢英语和数学 I like English _____ math. I don’t like English ____ math.and orand 和和 or即学即练即学即练3:: 2 〕用〕用 “and〞〞 或或“or〞〞 填空:填空: Study hard, _____ your math will be better.= Study hard, _____ your math will be worse.and or “and〞意为〞意为“这样,那么〞;这样,那么〞; “or〞〞 意为意为 “否那么〞否那么〞 3. 表转折表转折 说明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或说明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折者转折, 常用的连接词有常用的连接词有 but, yet, still ,however等等,前后分句时态一致前后分句时态一致 but The machine is old, but it is in good order. 这台机器虽然年头久了,但还能很这台机器虽然年头久了,但还能很好地工作。
好地工作• yetIt is strange, yet it is true.虽然有些奇怪,但却是亊实虽然有些奇怪,但却是亊实• stillAlthough we are very tired, still we shall work. 虽然我们很累,但我们还将工作虽然我们很累,但我们还将工作•however I’d like to go with you, however, my hands are full.我很想和你一起去,可是我忙不我很想和你一起去,可是我忙不过来(他努力工作,但以失败告终他努力工作,但以失败告终)He worked hard, ___ he failed at last.He worked hard. _________, he failed at last.butHowever即学即练即学即练4::but 和和 howeverbut后后没有逗号,直接连接分句;没有逗号,直接连接分句; however后后有逗号相隔,可放句末有逗号相隔,可放句末 *although/ though 和和but这两这两个关联词不能同用个关联词不能同用1) Although he is over sixty, but he (2) works as hard as others. 改为:改为:Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others. 或或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.即学即练即学即练5::although/ though 和和 but(F)4. 说明原因:说明原因:说明原因说明原因, 用连接词用连接词for ,前后分句时态前后分句时态一致。
一致 •forShe must be depressed, for she failed the exam.她一定很沮丧,因为考试没及格她一定很沮丧,因为考试没及格It's going to rain, for my knee joints are aching.就要下雨了,因为我的膝关节酸痛就要下雨了,因为我的膝关节酸痛5. 说明原因:说明原因:表示结果表示结果,用连接词用连接词so, 前后分句时态前后分句时态一致 •so1 had a headache, so I went to bed.我头疼,所以上床休息了我头疼,所以上床休息了It rained, so the sports meeting was postponed.因为下雨,所以运动会推迟了因为下雨,所以运动会推迟了(2) Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 改正:改正:John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 或:或:Because John was ill , I took him to the doctor 即学即练即学即练6::because 和和 so because 和和 so 等关联词都不能同等关联词都不能同时使用。
时使用F)and, or, but, so 根本用法根本用法单项选择单项选择1.Mary likes music ___ Tom is found 2. of sports. A. and B. but C. both A and B2. I failed again, ___ I won’t give up. A. and B. but C. so3. This is my first lesson, __ I don’t know your names. A. and B. but C. soand : 表对等表对等 “和、并且和、并且〞〞 but: 表转折表转折 “但是〞但是〞so: 表因果表因果 “所以〞所以〞or: 1. 用于疑问句用于疑问句, 表选择表选择 2. 用于否认句用于否认句, 表并列表并列4. Which do you like better, apples, __ pears? A. and B. but C. or5. Now we have no time _____ money. A. so B. and C. or6. Try your best ____ you’ll make more progress. A. and B. but C. or7. Don’t lose heart, ____ you’ll lose all. A. and B. so C. orand 和和 or 都可以在祈使句中使用都可以在祈使句中使用. and 通常是比较好的结果通常是比较好的结果;or 那么表示不愉快或不理想的结那么表示不愉快或不理想的结果果. 8. It’s getting warmer __ warmer. A. and B. but C. or9. He or the twins __ the USA. A. comes from B. come from C. is fromadj.比比 + and + adj.比比 表示越来越表示越来越…and, or, but, so 特殊用法特殊用法10. Not Tom but I ___ going to give the talk. A. am B. is C. areA or B 和和 not A but B 结构作主语结构作主语时,谓语动词要使用就近原那么。
时,谓语动词要使用就近原那么11. Although I have passed the exam, ___ I am not pleased with the result. A. and B. but C. /although 和和 but 不能同时出现不能同时出现12. Both Peter and I ___ going to Guangzhou. A. are B. is C. am13. Either apples or rice __ Ok. I am hungry. A. are B. is C. /both…and…either…or…neither…nor…not only…but also…14. Neither I nor my parents ___ to tell you the truth. A. wants B. want C. is going to15. Not only I but also Jane __ sure that we’ll win. A. is B. are C. am以上结构做主语,除以上结构做主语,除both…and… 谓语谓语要用复数外,其余都使用就近原那么。
要用复数外,其余都使用就近原那么1. I help him _____he helps me. We help each other . A. but B. and C. or D. though2. _____ he _____I am a doctor. A. Both; and B. Either; nor C. Neither; nor D. Neither; and一、一、单项选择题单项选择题BC3. Some of us would like to act the story____ it isn’t finished yet. A. but B. and C. though D. so4. One more week, ____ we will finish the task. A. or B. so that C. and D. ifCC5. Sam was ill yesterday, so he ____ his homework. A. didn’t B. not did C. didn’t do D. didn’t did6. _____ of us likes the film. A. Both B. All C. Some D. NeitherCD7. Sorry there is only one seat left. _____ you____ she can have it. A. neither; nor B. Either; or C. Both; and D. Not; but8. — I don’t like chicken ____ fish. — I don’t like chicken, ____I like fish very much. A. and;; and B. and;; but C. or;; but D. or;; and BC9.____does he do his work well, ___ he helps others with their work. A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Both;;and 10. It’s really very dangerous. One more step, ____the baby will fall into the well. A. or B. so C. but D. and AD11. — John, when shall we meet again, on Thursday or Friday? — _____ is OK. I’ll be free from Wednesday to the weekend. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. AllA12. — Daddy, shall we buy a new car to go on holiday this summer? — No. We will go on holiday or buy a car. But we can’t do ___. A. both B. either C. neither D. anyA13. — ____ Americans ____ the British share a lot of social customs (习惯习惯). — So they can understand each other well. A. Either; or B. Both; and C. Neither; nor D. Both; or B14. — How do you like the movie series The Amazing Spider- man? — Fantastic! ____ the first ____ the second movie of the series is wonderful. A. Either; or B. Not only; but also C. Neither; nor D. Both; and B15. — Neither Jim nor his parents _____Xuzhou before. — Yes. So they need you as their guide. A. has been to B. have been to C. have gone to D. has gone to B1.Both Tom and Jim are interested 2. in travelling. (改写成否认句改写成否认句)3. ________Tom ____ Jim ____ 4. interested in travelling.5.2. If you’re more careful, you will 6. make fewer mistakes. (改同义句改同义句)7. _____ more careful, _____ you 8. will make fewer mistakes. Neither nor isBe andII. 按要求改写以下句子,每空一词。
按要求改写以下句子,每空一词3. He has few friends because he is a bit too selfish. (改同义句改同义句) He is a bit too selfish, ____ he has few friends.4. 我喜欢旅行和读书,我觉得身体我喜欢旅行和读书,我觉得身体 和灵魂和灵魂(soul)必须有一个在路上必须有一个在路上 (补全翻译补全翻译) I like travelling and reading. I think ___________________ soul must be on the way.soeither my body or my5. 步行上班不仅对身体有益,而且步行上班不仅对身体有益,而且 对环境有好处对环境有好处 Walking to work is ___________ ___________________________ ____________.good for not only our health but also the environmentHomework1.Revise the grammatical items in this period. 2.Finish all the exercises in the workbook.3.Preview the next period. 。
