
2021年系动词分类.docx
7页学习必备欢迎下载Period Four Five动词: 1.系动词 2.行为动词(实意动词) 3.助动词 4.情态动词(一)系动词用法一:定义 :系动词亦称联系动词( Link Verb ),系动词就是将主语和对主语的说明部分联系起来,并对主语加以说明的词;作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必需跟表语(亦称补语) ,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特点等情形;这个说明可以分为两点: 1、在有系动词的句子里,它的结构是:主语 -系动词-主语说明部分; 2、主语和系动词的关系只是一种连接作用,不存在动宾、动宾补等关系;我们假如从句子成份的角度来分析, 或许更加清晰一些; 我们知道, 系动词不能像实义动词那样单独作谓语, 系动词必需加上一个表语, 共同构成 “系动词 +表语” 结构才能做句子的谓语;这里,所谓 “表语”,就是上面所说的对主语进行说明、 描述的那部分内容;表语,英语叫做 predicate,二、系动词与实义动词的区分系动词是相对于实义动词而言的; 实义动词,英语叫做 notional verb / lexical verb/ action verb,实义动词表示的是一个详细的可以操作的动作,如: give, see, hear, drive, fly 等等;但是,系动词表示的不是一个可以看得清晰的、可以操作的动作,而是事物存在的一种状态、人的某种感觉等;说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了;(fell 是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情形; )He fell off the ladder.他从梯子上摔下来; fell 是实义动词,单独作谓语;三系动词的分类:一、依据系动词后所跟结构, 我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类: 完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词, 如 be, seem)和半系动词 (其后既可跟表语作系动词用法, 也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如 look)例如: 1) He looked sadly at the boy.〔看着”,“实义动词用法 〕 He looks a clever boy .( “看起来 ”,系动词用法)2) He looks at a clever boy(. “看着”,实义动词用法)在英语中,某一动词是多义词,既有实义动词用法,又有系动词用法;二、依据系动词的意义,我们把英语系动词分为四类: A.五大感官系动词 B 状态系动词 C 动态系动词 D 双谓语系动词A. 五大感官系动词 ,描述一种感官性质;由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词;1. look “看起来像是 ”,后接 adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等; The girl looks sad.2. smell “闻起来 ”,后接 adj.分词; The flowers smell sweet. 这些花气味真香;3. sound“听起来 ”,后接 分词; The music sounds sweet这.动听;首诗听起来真4. taste 尝“起来 ”,后接 分词; The apples taste very good.这些苹果很好吃; 5.feel ①“摸起来,给 ⋯⋯ 感觉”;② “觉得”,后接 adj./p.p.You will feel better after a nightB. 状态系动词:睡上’一s晚sl,ee你p.会觉得好些;1. be, “是”,属完全系动词; I am a student. 我是一个同学;2. seem,“似乎,似乎”,完全系动词; They seem quite happy. 他们似乎很欢乐;3. appear, 显“得,看起来似乎 ”,半系动词; It appeared〔to be〕a true story看. 来这是一个真实的故事;4. keep, 保“持⋯⋯ 的状态 ”,半系动词,后接 adj 或介词短语;You’ d better go to bed and keep warm.你最好躺在床上去温和一下;5. remain, 仍“是”,半系动词; I remained silent. 我仍旧缄默;6. stay “保持(某种状态) ”,半系动词,后接 adj.、过去分词; The window stayed open all the night.7. prove 证“明是 ”,半系动词,后接 adj.\n.The treatment proved to be successful. 这种疗法证明是胜利的;8. turn out,“证明,变成”His plan turned out a success. 他的方案最终胜利了;C. 动态系动词 :都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程;1. get “变成,变得 ⋯⋯ 起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语;The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了;2. fall 进“入(某种状态),成为 ”,后常接以下形容词:asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位老人说不清自己的意思,就不做声了;The old man fell ill and died. 我的父亲生病死了;3. grow“慢慢变得 ⋯⋯ 起来,长得 ”It ’ s growing warm.天气慢慢温和起来了;4. turn 转“变成(新的与原先完全不同的颜色或性质),变质(色) ”;Maple trees turn red in autumn. 枫叶在秋天变红了;It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine. 今日早上是阴天,幸好已经转晴了;He turns doctor.〔turn 变成 后接单数名词要去掉 a/an,而 become 要加上a/an〕He becomes a doctor.5. go,“变成(某种坏的状态) ”The telephone has gone dead. 不通了;学习必备欢迎下载The apples went bad.The material has gone a funny colour.这料子的颜色变得古怪了;go 之后常接的 adj. 仍有: bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey.6. become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情形) ”I became interested in drawing. 我开头对素描感爱好了;He became angry with me. 他对我愤怒了;They became good friends. 他们成了好伴侣;7. come,“变成为(已知的状态),证明为 ”,后常接形容词或前缀 un-的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情形的变化;His wish to become a pilot has come true. 他想当飞行员的愿望实现了;If you look into the matter, everything will come clear.假如你调查一下这事,一切都会清晰;后面常接的形容词仍有: apart, dea(r昂贵), natural, open, short, righ(t好了),unstuck(没有粘住), untied(松开);8. run, 变“成”,后接 adj. The price ran high. 价格上升了;9. make,“达到某种状态 [后接形容词 ],如 sure, certain, merry, bold, freeWe must make certain of facts我. 们肯定要弄清事实;D. 双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义;例如: The run rose red太. 阳升起红艳艳;She stopped and stood quite stil她l. 停下来然后一丝不动地站着;The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地积累在地上;He married young. 他结婚很早;Lei Feng died young.雷锋早逝;He continued silent.他连续缄默不语;四:练习1. everyone here today.A. Be B. Are C. Is D. Am2. Harry is older than I. But he younger than I.A. look B. looks C. looked D. looking3. It like the singing of the birds.A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes4. This kind of cake tastes .A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well5. The children all looked at the broken model plane and felt quite .A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad6. This kind of paper nice.A. feel B. felt C. is feeling D. feels7. This math problem is and I can do it .A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy8. Coffee is ready. How nice it . Would you like some.A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels9. In winter the days colder and colder.A. gets B. getting C. got D. get10. He pale at the thought.A. got B. looked C. turned D. seemed1. —What is Mr Wang like.— .A. He is a teacherB. He is old and kindC. He looks like a balloonD. He likes English2. What Mr White said sounds .A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely3. The poor boy blind at the age of three.A. tur。
