常见的字母与字母组合发音规则.doc

常见的字母与字母组合发音规则（I）元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则●元音字母的发音（一）元音字母a  1.重读开音节/ei/ paper；late；make；lake；face 2.重读闭音节/æ/ bag；fat；cat；ladder；mass  （*例外：any一些/e/ ；many许多/e/ ） 3.非重读音节 /ə/ 或/i/   即：/ə/ ——ago；al ong；among；above；aloud/i/ —— comrade；village；manager；palace；private；necklace  *连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段如上的ladder，village.  4.在字母w或wh后面，发/ɔ/ was；wash；what；want；(*例外：water水/ɔ:/ )  5.a在诸如-ance；-ask；-ass；-ast；-ath组合里 ，重读时均发/a:/ 即：dance；France；chance  ask；mask；task；basket  class；grass；glass；pass；——（*例外：mass/æ/ ）   fast；cast；past；last；master；father；path；bath；—— (*例外：maths/æ/ )  （二）元音字母e  1.重读开音节/i:/ me；he；she；these；evening2.重读闭音节/e/ hen；get；set；tell；echo  3.非重读音节/i/ useless；ticket；basket；pocket；before；below；（三）元音字母i或y  1.重读开音节/ai/ China；try；my；hi；time；guide；2.重读闭音节/i/ sit；hit；ill；little；system；3.非重读音节/i/ unit ;study  精品.（四）元音字母o  1.重读开音节/əu/ no；so；go；home；photo；2.重读闭音节/ɔ/ not；hot；box；fox；cock；cost；3.非重读音节/ə/ purpose；concern 4.o在字母m，n，v或th之前，均发/ʌ/ son；month；come；ton；(*例外：Tom/ɔ/ )love；dove；glove；above；anothermother；brother；become；some5.两个单词：woman/‘w u-mən/ 女人（单数）；women/‘w i-min/ 女人（复数）  （五）元音字母u  1.重读开音节/ju:/ pupil；stud ent；use；cube 2.重读闭音节 /ʌ/ 或/u/ 即：/ʌ/ —— cut；luck；umbrella；us     /u/ —— put；full；pull  3.非重读音节/ə/ autumn ;August；support    ●元音字母组合的拼读规则  （一）元音字母a的字母组合 1.ai或ay在重读音节中/ei/ rain；train；brain；pain                    day；may；play；stay；lay*ay在非重读音里/i/ 或/ei/ Sunday；Monday；Tuesday；Thursday；Friday  2.al+ 绝大多数辅音字母 /ɔ:/ small；wall；call；talk；walk；chalk 或/ɔ: l/ also；always  *al后面是k时，只发/ɔ:/ 精品.al+f或m时，al发/a:/ half；calm   -al在词尾非重读/（ə）l/ medal；metal；(例外 canal运河，重音在后/æl/ ) 3.-ance在重读时/a: ns/ chance；dance；France   在非重读时/ə ns/ importance；performance；ambulance 4.-ant非重读/ənt/ assistant；important；peasant 5.-ange一般/eindʒ/ change；danger；strange ;(*但 orange /indʒ/ ) 6.-age 一般/idʒ/ village；carriage；marriage7.-ask一般重读时/a: sk/ ask；mask；task ;basket  8.-ass一般重读时/a: s/ class；glass；grass；pass；(*但 mass/æ/ ) 9.-ast一般重读时/a: st/ last；past；fast；cast-aste一般/eist/ waste；paste；taste 10.-ath一般/a: θ/ bath；path；(*但 maths/æθ/ ) 或/a: ð/ father；rather；(*但 gather/æð/ )   11.-au一般/ɔ:/ cause；autumn ;August；(*但 because/ɔ/ ) -augh(t)/ɔ: (t)/ caught；taught；daughter(*例外：laugh/la:f/ ) 12.-aw/ɔ:/ draw；saw；law；awful 13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发/ɔ/ was；wash；want；what；(*但 water/ɔ:/ )  14.-ar重读音时/a:/ party；car；farm；army；yard；hard；star在字母w或音/w/ 后面时 /ɔ:/ war；warm；warn ;towards；*quarter 在非重读音时/-ə/ beggar；dollar；solar  15.-are一般/-εə/ hare；bare；dare；stare；rare；care；parent 16.-air一般/-εə/ chair；fair；hair；pair；stair；repair 17.-able 一般/eibl/ able；cable；tabl e；stable    （二）元音字母e的组合 1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：           -ea/i:/ team；meat；lead；teach；read；mean；please；steal          -ea/e/ threat；bread；meant；read(过去式和过去分词 )；peasant         精品.-ea/iə/ real；really          -ea/ei/ great；break  2.-ee/i:/ feel；week；keep；three；steel；street；sweep；see          *但是一个例外：coffee/i/ 3.-eer/iə/ deer；pioneer；engineer；volunteer 4.-er重读音节/ə:/ her；term；service；Germany非重读/ə/ worker；paper；western；teacher 特殊读法/a:/ clerk      5.-ere/iə/ here；mere         -ere 或者发/εə/ there；where      6.-ear有三种音，分别是；-ear/iə/ ear；dear；near；clear；tear (n.)；beard-ear /ə:/ early；earth；learn；heard-ear /a:/ heart*tear作为动词时，发/εə/ 7.-ei /ei/ eight；weigh；weight   -ei /ai/ height-ei /i:/ receive8.-ey重读/ei/ they；hey；survey   -ey重读/i:/ key    -ey非重读/i/ monkey；donkey；valley；volleyball *-et非重读/it/ pocket；ticket；rocket 9.-ew 一般/ju:/ new；few；knew   -ew 或者发/u:/ grew；threw    -ew还可以发/əu/ sew 10.-ege /idʒ/ college  11.-est /i s t/ biggest；modest；happiest； 12.词尾的-ed在浊音后/d/ lived；studied          -ed在清音后/t/ worked；finished          -ed在字母t或d后/id/ wanted；needed      精品.（三）元音字母i或y的组合 1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发/i:/ field；piece；achieve   -ie在词尾/ai/ lie；die；tie   2.-igh(t)在重读音节/ai(t)/ high；night；light；bright 3.-ir在重读音节/ə:/ girl；firm；circle；first；third  4.-ire在重读音节/‘aiə/ fire；tired；hire；retired；wire 5.-ild/aild/ child；wild6.-ind/aind/ find；kind；mind；wind；(*但 window/ind/ )  7.-ing/iŋ/ king；wing；sing；doing；making  8.-(a)tion/(ei)ʃn/ nation；pronunciation；information；composition   -stion/tʃ n/ question    -sion/ʃn/ 或/ʒn/ mission使命；precision精密  9.-ye在词尾/ai/ good-bye；bye-bye  10.-ist/i s t/ list；fist；  （四）元音字母o的组合 1.-oa在重音时/əu/ boat；coat；road；goat；toad    -oar在重音时/ɔ:/ blackboard；aboard 2.-oi，-oy在重音时/ɔi/ boiler；point；join；oilboy；toy；joy；loyal  3.-oo一般/u:/ soon；too；zoo；room；noon；food；mood；boot；moon  *单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。

如 classroom/u/ …等等     在字母k或有时在t，d之前时/u/ cook；look；book；took；foot；good； 4.-or在重音时/ɔ:/ for；horse；important；morning；born   -or在字母w后面/ə:/ work；word；world；worse；worth   (*但是 wore ，worn例外，均发/ɔ:/ )         -or在非重音时/ə/ monitor；doctor；professor；forget；forwards；forgive；conductor  精品.5.-oar一般/ɔ:/ board；aboard；blackboard  6.-oor一般/ɔ:/ 或在美式英语里发/ɔə/ door；floor     -oor 还发/uə/ poor  。