
专升本英语考试辅导.ppt
44页时态和语态时态和语态Contents主要时态主要时态1主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态2真题精炼真题精炼341一般现在时的用法•1)) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用时间状语:经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday例如:• I leave home for school at 7 every morning. •2)) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实例如:客观真理,客观存在,科学事实例如:•The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. •3)) 表示格言或警句例如:表示格言或警句例如:• Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败 骄者必败•_________ it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.A) Believe B) Believing •C) To believe D) Believed• 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:要用一般现在时例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. •4)) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性例如:现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性例如:•Ann writes good English but does not speak well.•Once environmental damage __________, it takes many years for the system to recover.A) has doneB) is to doC) doesD) is done2一般过去时的用法•1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态例)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态例如:时间状语有:如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等例如:等例如:• Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去刚才你上哪儿去了?了?•2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作例)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
例如:如:•When I was a child, I often played football in the street. •Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.•I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______.A) finish what I didB) finished what I didC) would finish what I was doingD) finished what I was doing•句型句型 ::It is time that sb. did sth. “时间已时间已迟了迟了” “早该早该……了了” ,,•例如例如It is time you went to bed. • would ((had)) rather sb. did sth. 表 表示示‘宁愿某人做某事宁愿某人做某事’例如:•I'd rather you came tomorrow.•4)) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
存在•Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州•Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)有可能指刚离去)注意:注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气•1)动词)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等例如:等例如:•Did you want anything else? •I wondered if you could help me. •2)情态动词)情态动词 could, would例如:• Could you lend me your bike? usedto/be/getusedto• used to + do::"过去常常过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在例如:或状态,但如今已不存在例如:• Mother used not to be so forgetful•be used to + doing:: 对对……已感到习惯,或已感到习惯,或"习惯习惯于于",,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。
例如:是介词,后需加名词或动名词例如:• He is used to a vegetarian diet. • Scarf is used to taking a walk.3.一般将来时1)shall/will•Which paragraph shall I read first?? •Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式,表示将来不定式,表示将来• a. 主语的意图,即将做某事例如:主语的意图,即将做某事例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? • b. 计划,安排要发生的事例如:计划,安排要发生的事例如:The play is going to be produced next month3) ) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事例如:例如:•We are to discuss the report next Saturday.注意:注意:be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
例如:表示主观的打算或计划例如:• I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球客观安排) 明天下午我去踢球客观安排)• I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球主观安排)明天下午我想去踢球主观安排)4) ) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事 不定式,意为马上做某事 He is about to leave for Beijing.一般现在时表将来•下列动词下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情例如:间上已确定或安排好的事情例如:•The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.• •以以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行例等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行例如:如:•Here comes the bus. •There goes the bell. 用现在进行时表示将来用现在进行时表示将来• 下列动词下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示等现在进行时可以表示将来。
例如:将来例如:• I'm leaving tomorrow. • Are you staying here till next week? 4.现在完成时;have(has)+过去分词•一般过去时的时间状语:一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语等,皆为具体的时间状语•现在完成时的时间状语:现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,等,皆不确定的时间状语皆不确定的时间状语•I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)(强调看的动作发生过了)•Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A) are to challenge C) have been challengedB) may be challenged •D) are challenging用于现在完成时的句型•1))It is the first / second time.... that…结构中结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。
的从句部分,用现在完成时•It is the first time that I have visited the city. •注意:注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late. •2))This is +形容词最高级形容词最高级+that…结构,结构,that 从句从句要用现在完成时例如:要用现在完成时例如:•This is the best film that I've ((ever)) seen. 5.过去完成时•When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. •By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. •The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. •A. had written, left •B,,were writing, has left •C. had written, had left •D. were writing, had left•Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A) didn‘t hear C) hasn’t heard B) hasn‘t been hearing •D) hadn't heard6.将来完成时:willhavedone a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
例如:有的状态例如:•They will have been married for 20 years by then. b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验例如:之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验例如:•You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. •All the machines ______ by the end of the following week.•a. were repaired b. would be repaired •c. will have been repaired d. were being repair•By the time the course ends,______ a lot about Britain.•a. we’ll learnt b. we are learning •c. we have learnt d. we’ll have learnt•It is reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ______ by about 10%.A) will have risen •B) has risen C) will be rising •D) has been rising7.现在进行时a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
例如:表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情例如:• We are waiting for you. b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行例如:正在进行例如:• Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等例如:等例如:• The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红叶子在变红• It's getting warmer and warmer. •d. 与与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩例如:的主观色彩例如:• You are always changing your mind. 你你老是改变主意。
老是改变主意•典型例题典型例题My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it. A.has lost, don‘t find B. is missing, don’t find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found. •The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______ and perfected now.A) developed •B) have developed C) are being developedD) will have been developed8.过去进行时:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作•过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生时候,另一个短动作发生 •My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. •It was raining when they left the station.•Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. •A. made B. is making •C. was making D. makes•As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. •A. read;;was falling B. was reading;; fell •C. was reading;; was falling D. read;;fell9.将来进行时•概念:表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预概念:表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。
例如:测将来会发生的事情例如:• She'll be coming soon. 她会很快来她会很快来的• I'll be meeting him sometime in the future. • By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach. 明天此时,我正躺在海明天此时,我正躺在海滩上呢 10.现在完成进行时•She has been waiting foe a letter all the afternoon.•How long has it been raning?11.过去完成进行时•They had been waiting for the bus for an hour before the bus came.•The old man tols me that he had been living here all his life.12.过去将来时•The father was certain that his son would succeed.被动语态被动语态的构成:被动语态的构成: be + 过去分词过去分词 A building was damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。
暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物 Our plate was made in China. 我们的盘我们的盘子是中国生产的子是中国生产的 Everybody needs to love and to be loved in this world. 1、被动语态的时态较常见的几种,现以动词clean为例说明:一般现在时一般现在时 is /am /are +cleaned 一般过去时一般过去时 was/were +cleaned 一般将来时一般将来时 will/shall be cleaned 过去完成时过去完成时 had+been +cleaned 现在完成时现在完成时 has/have been cleaned 过去进行时过去进行时 was/were being cleaned 现在进行时现在进行时 is/am /are being cleaned 历年英语考试中出现的被动语态• 英语考试中的被动语态主要考查了一般现在时、英语考试中的被动语态主要考查了一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、含有情态动词等的被现在进行时、现在完成时、含有情态动词等的被动语态 •例例1::Once environmental damage __________, it takes many years for the system to recover.(CET-4,1997/6)A) has done B) is to do •C) does D) is done•The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______ and perfected now.((CET-4,,1996/1))A) developed •B) have developed •C) are being developed •D) will have been developed•例例3::Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.((CET-4,,1997/1))A) are to challenge •B) may be challenged•C) have been challenged •D) are challenging•例例4::As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think ________.((CET-4,,1997/6))A) ought to be said B) must say •C) have to be said D) need to say•The glass ______ . It _____ by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken •B. is broken, was broken C. was broken, broke •D. has been broken, broken 08年•The small village is said _____ in a battle during WWII.•A. to have been destroyed•B. to be destroyed •C. to destroy•D. to have destroyed•He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them. A. gave, didn't listen •B. was given, wasn't listened C. give, wasn't listened •D. was given, didn't listen •We can't use the bridge now, because it______ . A. has been repaired B. is repairing •C. is repaired D. is being repaired •When water______ , it will be changed into vapour. A. is heated B. heating •C. has heated D. heats •We can't enter the room because its door______ . A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking •They ______day and night. A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work 翻译真题09年年70.我反复尝试,终于得到了一份工作。
.我反复尝试,终于得到了一份工作72.这家工厂里的所有机器都是中国制造的.这家工厂里的所有机器都是中国制造的•70. I tried again and again, and finally I got a job.•72. All the machines in the factory were made in China.08年•71. 北京北京2008年奥运会将对中国的经济产生很年奥运会将对中国的经济产生很大影响•72. 他工作表现出色,最近被提升为部门经理他工作表现出色,最近被提升为部门经理•71. 2008 Beijing Olympics will paly an important role in Chin’a economy.•72. He has been promoted to be department manager thanks to his great performance.04年•67. Our corporation is established for the purpose of carrying on import and export business as well as other activities in connection with foreign trade.•70.长城常被看作是中国文化和历史的象征。
长城常被看作是中国文化和历史的象征•71.我原以为问题已经解决了,但事实并非如此.我原以为问题已经解决了,但事实并非如此•67.本公司的业务宗旨是开展进口贸易,同时参.本公司的业务宗旨是开展进口贸易,同时参与利外贸有关的其他各项活动与利外贸有关的其他各项活动•70..The Great Wall is often regarded as the symbol of Chinese culture and history.•71..I thought the problem had been solved, but that was not the case.知识回顾知识回顾Knowledge Knowledge ReviewReview祝您成功!。
