就远原则和就近原则.docx

语法：就远原则讲解【就远原则】谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇:as well as；(together/along) with； rather than； except； besides； but； including； in addition to； apart from采用''就近原则〃的两个典型用法即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语1. 连词 or, not...but..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等连接的并 列主语，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致如：Not his parents but he doesn't want to go.是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去Neither you nor I am a stranger here.你和我都不是刚来这里Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret?他和他的同学都不知道这个 密秘？2. 当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一 致如：There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate.盘子里有一个 苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。

There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate.盘子里有两个梨 子，一些桔子和一个苹果五、 由 or， not only ... but also ...， either ... or ...， neither ... nor ...， not ...but ...等连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据就近原则来确定如：You or he is going to be sent to study abroad .He or we are going to be sent to study abroad .六、 ''名词 + 介词 / 介词短语(with，together with，along with，as well as 等) +名词〃作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由介词前的名词的单复数形式决定如：Tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing .You as well as your brother have been accepted .七、 主语从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：What we can't get seems better than what we have .Taking more exercise is good for your health .八、 定语从句中，当先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语与先行词的人称和数保持一致; 但“ one of +名词复数"作先行词时，如在one前有the，the very，the only等词修饰 时，从句谓语动词要用单数形式，若没有，则用复数形式如：He is one of the students who have been praised by the headmaster .He is the only one of the students who has been praised by the headmaster .九、 there be句型中，be的单复数形式由其后的名词决定，如果有两个或两个以上的 名词，则按就近原则决定如：There is only a desk in the room .There is only a desk and two chairs in the room .There are two chairs and a desk in the room .十、'、the +形容词〃作主语表示一类人时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。

如：The rich don’t understand the life of the poor .语法：就近原则讲解【就近原则】也称''邻近原则”'就近一致原则”（Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不 一定是主语）在''人称、数〃上一致I. 在正式文体中：1. 由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型；or ; either ...or； nor; neither...nor； whether...or； not.but; not only.but also";等e.g.① What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我 无关©Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错③ Not you but your father is to blame .不是你，而是你父亲该受责备④ Not only you but（also） he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the pe ople .在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

② There is （are） a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书II.非正式文体中：有时依''就近一致原则〃，但也可依''意义一致原则〃或严格地依''语法一致原则〃e.g.Neither she nor I were there （意义一致）我和他当时都不在那儿非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依''就近一致原则〃而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范 的e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意 见依''就近〃和''意义〃一致的原则；但语法上，''No one 〃才是主语，谓语要改成'agrees” ''写作中〃一般要依''语法一致〃原则。