英语语调符号及规则.docx

英语声调符号1.句子重音 ——“′”英语句子中得词有得重读 , 有得不重读；句子中需重读得词, 称为句子重音；一般来说 ,实词( 像名词、实义动词、数词、形容词与副词等) 要重读 , 贯词、介词等虚词在句子中不重读；如: ′ Where is the′ basebalIlt. ’ s on the′ 、dress2.语调—— 升调 “↗ ” 降调“↘”在说话或朗读时声调得抑扬叫做语调；英语得基本语调分为 “降调”与“升调”两种, 主要表现为句末尾调得升与降 , 用语调符号 ↗表示升调 ,↘表示降调；3.意群与节奏 ——“ / ”在长句子中能表示最短得完整意思得一小节称为一个意群；人们在说话与朗读时,为了使意思表达更清晰, 往往在意群之间略微停顿；4.连读——“︶”在同一个意群中 , 前后相连得两个单词之间, 前一个单词得词尾与后一个单词得词首有时可连接起来读 ,这种现象称为连读；如:an orangeLook at it︶︶︶5 、 不完全爆破 ——“”在单词或语句中 , 遇有 /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/之中任何一个爆破音而其后紧跟着一个爆破音时 ,前者只按发音部位做动身音状, 但不发生爆破 ,稍停既发出后一个爆破音 ,这种现象称为不完全爆破；如:a do(c)toran ol(d) cat英语语调规章英语有五种基本语调 : 升调( ↗) 、得降调 ( ↙ ) 、得升降调 ( ∧ ) 、得降升调 ( ∨) 以及平调( →) ；一句话除了词汇意义(lexical meaning)仍有语调意义 (intonation, 而语调意义就就是说话人meaning)；所谓词汇意义就就是话中所用词满意义用语调所表示得态度或口气； 一句话得词汇意义加上语调意义才算就是完全满意义；同样得句子 ,语调不同 , 意思就会不同 ,有时甚至会相差千里语调用法例句陈述句特别疑问句命令祈使句降调感叹句一般疑问句动听祈使句挑选疑问句列举事物以状语 ( 从句) 开头宾语从句得主句反意疑问句 ( 有疑问) 反意疑问句 ( 少疑问) 主语前状语 ( 从句) 后并列连词前后成分e with me." "e with me."升调升降降升降降1)A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper？B:Sorry？ ( ↗ )Jean 用升调说 “ Sorry 其”意,思就是 “ I didnt hear you.Could you say thatagain,please ？” 我们再瞧下句 :2)A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper？B:Sorry.(↙ )在对话 2) 中,Jean 用降调说 “Sorry ”显,然其意思就是拒绝帮忙或无能为力；I( ↗ )live in the city.(I live( ↗)in the city.(里工作 ”或其她意思 )隐含着在场得其她人不住在城里满意思 )表示“我”只就是 “住在”城里,其隐含满意思就是 “我不在城I live in(↗)the city.(表示“我住在城里边 ”其,隐含满意思就是 “我不住在城外 ”)因此,对下面得对话所提问得问题进行挑选时3)M:Linda looked very tired these days., 就不难回答了；W:She looked OK to me(↗).Q:What does the woman think of Linda［ A］She saw Linda and me.［ B］Linda said she was fine.［ C］She looked up the word for me.［ D］She considered Linda was all right.这句话里得句重音碰巧落在句子得最终一个单词“ me”这,表示了女士有意与男士得瞧法形成对比？(D)“me”上；由于女士用升调重读,意思就是 : 在您得眼里 ,她显得疲乏,可在我瞧来 ,她没什么问题；这表示了她那种无所谓得态度；II. 某些句型由于句尾语调得转变而引起意义转变得现象1. 使用疑问词 who,which,what, how,when,where,why得特别疑问句可以用降调也可以用升调 , 但含义就是不同得；如:4)A:Mr.Smith thinks we ought to get the money in hand first. B:Who ？( ↗)A:Mr.Smith.B 用升调说 “ Who”表,示听不清对方谈话中得某一部分分；,要求对方再重复那一部5)A:Wed like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to wele the group.B:Who ？( ↙)A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it. B 用降调说 “ Who”其,意思就是问 , 对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词；2. 附加疑问句可以读升调也可以读降调,意思就是不相同得；降调表示发问者相信陈述句得内容 ,只等对方证明；升调表示发问者对陈述句内容得真实性没有把握,期望对方作出自己得判定；如:6)A:You will finish the work,wont youB:Yes,I will.？ ( ↙ )A 用降调提问 , 意思就是 :I know you will finish the work,but I want you toconfirm it.7)A:You will finish the work,wontyou ？ ( ↗)B:Yes,I will.(或 No,I wont.)A 用升调提问 , 表示 A 心中没有把握 , 因此,得到得回答既可能就是确定得, 也可能就是否定得；因此 , 假如听到下面得对话并就所提问题进行挑选时也就不言而喻了；8)W:Mary says she likes playing tennis., 哪个选项正确M:But she doesnt play tennis often,does she Q:Whatdoesthe man imply about Mary［ A］She plays a lot of other sports.［ B］She doesnt really like tennis.［ C］She only likes watching tennis.［ D］She has a lot of things to do.？( ↙)？(B)3. 语调可以反应谈话人得互动性；如:9)A:Are you Mr.Blake B:Yes.( ↙)A:Room twentysix.在这个例子中 ,B 用降调说 “Yes”表,示 B 得认可 , 这就是一个封闭式得回答？, 这表明假如 A 没有新得问题要问或新得信息要告知,或许她们得对话就可以终止了；10)A:Are you Mr.Blake B:Yes ？( ↗)A:Ah,the secretary would like a word with you.在这个例子中 ,B 用升调回答 “Yes”表,示这就是一个开放式得回答？, 相当于 : “Yes.？”之意；这也But why do you ask？ ”或就是 “ Yes.But who want to know就就是说 ,B 在回答 A 得问题得同时又向 A 提出了一个新问题 , 并要求 A 予以回答；11)M:How long shall we stay at the Grand Canyon？W:A day？( ↗)Q:What does the woman mean？(B)［ A］We shall stay at the Grand Canyon for one day.［ B］Shall we stay at the Grand Canyon for one day？［ C］To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is too short.［ D］To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is enough.4. 陈述句式一般读降调如:She lent him her car.( She lent him her car, 用以陈述事实；如读升调, 往往表示对所说事情得怀疑；↙)( 用以陈述事实 )？ ( ↗)( 表示诧异、得怀疑 , 含有“ Did she really lend hercar to him？”之意； )再请瞧下面得试题 :12)M:I started driving at 8:00yesterday and arrived here at 5:30 this morning.W:You drove all night？( ↗ )Q:What does the woman mean？［ A］Night driving can be dangerous.［ B］You shouldnt have driven during the night.［ C］Why dont you drive all night［ D］Did you really drive all night答案为 D ；5. 有些一般疑问句得句式读作降调( ↙) 这句话实就表示 : 她长得多快！ 请瞧下面得试题 :13)M:Wasnt Sams speech great？？,实际上表示感叹；如 :Hasnt she grown！！( ↙)W:Are you serious？Q:What does the man say about Sams speech［ A］Sams speech wasnt great,was it［ B］Sams speech was great,wasnt it［ C］Sam gave a serious speech.［ D］Sam was not serious.答案为 B；？？？这里顺便说一下 ,问句不表示疑问得另一种情形: 当一方提出一个问题 , 而另一方用问句作为回答时 ,这个问句有时就是不需要回答得别有意味；如 :, 而实际上相当于陈述句, 但14)A:Are you going to watch TV again？B:What else is there to do？( ↗ )B 反问 A 一个问题 “ What else is there to do什么好干得呢？因此,对下面得问题就不难回答了；15)M:Do you think Petty is qualified to do the job？”意,思就是 :( 除了瞧电视 ) 仍有？。