大学英语语法应用教程-动词(Verbs).pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,0,动词(Verbs),第一节 实义动词(Full Verbs),第二节 虚义动词(Empty Verbs),第一节 实义动词(Full Verbs),动词是表示动作(如，play)或状态(如，have)的词类实义动词(full verb)就是在句中可以单独用作谓语的动词，也可以译作“本动词”或“主体动词”根据实义动词的词汇意义，实义动词分为动态动词(dynamic verb)和静态动词(stative verb)动态动词与静态动词的词义内容和作用是不同的根据动词的句法作用，实义动词按其是否必须跟有补足成分以及必须跟有什么样的补足成分如宾语、补语、状语等，分为及物动词(transitive verb)、不及物动词(intransitive verb)和系动词(link verb)大多数动词实际上都可兼作及物动词和不及物动词，以配合不同场合及物动词又可分为单宾语及物动词(monotransitive verb)和双宾语及物动词(ditransitive verb)双宾语动词后面跟两个宾语：直接宾语(direct object)为动词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语(indirect object)往往指涉及的人。

实义动词按其构成，可分为单词动词(one-word verb)和词组动词(multi-word verb)单词动词是由一个单词构成的动词词组动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词词组动词的词义不能从其动词/副词/介词本身的词义来推断词组动词有四种构成方式分别为动词+介词(+宾语)、动词+副词、动词+(宾语)+副词、动词+副词+介词(+宾语)，还要注意由词组动词构成的复合词一、动态动词和静态动词,1动态动词,动态动词(dynamic verb)也称为动作动词(action verb)或进行体动词(progressive verb)，还可以细分为：,(1)时点动词或瞬间动词(momentary verb)或终止性动词(terminative verb)：如，表示瞬间动作的：jump,kick,catch,hit,hurt,knock,shut；表示瞬间转变的：leave,die等一次体),The old man stops at a house and knocks at the door.,Henry kicked the ball to his team player.,(2)时段动词或持续动词(durative verb)或非终止性动词(non-terminative verb)：如，表示持续动作的：work,study,write,read,ache,rain,sit,sleep,talk,drink,eat；表示逐渐转变的：grow,change,turn等。

持续体),She works at a chemical factory.,She has been working there for a long time.,Winter is here.The leaves of the trees are turning yellow.,(3)双体动词(verb of double characters)：既能表示瞬间的动作，也能表示持续的动作如，move动一下或不停地在动；feel摸一下或长期摸；change一下子转变或逐步转变The weather is changing for better.,Shanghai has changed a lot in the past 10 years.,(4)连点成段的重复动作(repeated verb)：实义动词也能表示多个瞬间动作的重复或习惯性的动作多次体),Somebody is knocking at the door.有人正在嘭嘭敲门He is beating his hands in time to the music.他随着音乐的节奏不断地拍着手2静态动词,静态动词(stative verb)也称之为状态动词(state verb)或非进行体动词(non-progressive verb)：因为静态动词本身就表示一个正在持续的过程，和进行体的意思是相同的，所以一般不能构成进行体。

静态动词不表示动作，因此，也不能构成被动态静态动词还可细,分为：,(1)关系动词(relational verb)：表示“存在”、“拥有”等意义例如：be,have,exist,possess,own,belong to,equal,weigh,cost,matter,lack,resemble,differ from等I have a book.,This book belongs to me.,(2)感官动词(perceptional verb)：表示知觉例如：see,hear,smell,taste,feel等The roses smell sweet.,I(can)see the snow-capped peaks of the distant mountains.,She doesnt hear very well.,(3)态度动词(attitudinal verb)：表示思维状态例如：think,believe,understand,forget,seem,wonder,guess,remember,imagine,consider(=believe),expect(=suppose),feel(=think),find(=consider),see(=understand),realize,suppose,want,know等。

I dont believe it.,We understand your difficulty.,Jim knows Chinese.,(4)情感动词(emotional verb)：表示情感或心理活动例如：like,dislike,love,hate,mind,wish,adore,envy等I adore you.,He loves his wife.,How I wish I could visit the Grand Canyon.,3动态动词与静态动词的词义内容和作用的不同,(1)动态动词表示动作，静态动词表示状态(感情、感觉等)动态动词可以构成进行体，而静态动词则不能例如：,Im leaning English.,不能说I am knowing English./I am knowing the answer.,只能说I knew the answer.,但静态动词在词义上转为动态动词时也可以构成进行体关系动词be(是)，have(有)转变成有动作意义的动作动词时可用进行体例如：,He is a fool.他是个傻瓜静态动词),He is being a fool.他假装成傻瓜。

动态动词),感官动词在词义上转用为动作动词时可用进行体例如：,I feel comfortable.我觉得舒服静态动词),Im feeling this material.我在摸一摸这种衣料动态动词),表示思维的态度动词用于表示动作意义时可用进行体例如：,I dont think you are right.我认为你错了静态动词),Dont make so much noise.Im thinking.别那么吵闹我在思考动态动词),当情感动词用于表示动作意义时也可用进行体例如：,Do you mind(=object)if I smoke?,我抽支烟您不介意吗？(静态动词),My husband is minding(=looking after)the baby while Im out shopping.,我出去买东西时我丈夫在照料婴儿动态动词),偶尔将静态动词用进行体，则表达一定的感情色彩例如：,He doesnt know all he should be knowing about this.,有关这事他本该知道的一切情况，他竟一无所知同理，静态动词也不能用完成进行体2)动态动词可用于祈使句，静态动词多半不能。

例如：,Learn English!,*Know English!,(3)动态动词可用作宾语补语，静态动词则不能例如：,I persuade her to learn English.,*I persuade her to know English.,(4)动态动词可在以“What I do”作主语的句子中作主语补语(或称之为“表语”)，静态动词则不能例如：,What I did was to learn English at home.我在家里所做的事就是学英语主语中有do,does 时，作表语的不定式要用不带to的动词原形),*What I did was to know English.,(5)动态动词中的及物动词可构成被动语态，静态动词几乎不能构成被动态例如：,The book was written by me.这本书是我写的I have a book.我有一本书A book is had by me.,二、及物动词和不及物动词,1不及物动词,不及物动词一般不带宾语例如：,He died in battle.,Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.,有些不及物动词表示运动或呆在某处，后面常跟一个表示方向或地点的状语。

例如：,He watched the boat drift downstream.,Stay right here.,有些不及物动词在一定上下文中，其后须带状语，否则意义不完全例如：,Daffodils bloom in early spring.,Frank cheats at poker.,The musician performs in Boston next month.,有些不及物动词经常和某个介词一起用，这时后面可跟宾语例如：,He appealed for mercy.,Once in a while he indulged in a bottle of good wine.,She adhered to what she had said at the meeting.,有些不及物动词在特定的情况下也可能用作及物动词例如：,Mother smiled her approval.,The old woman slept herself sober.,2及物动词,及物动词之后须带宾语例如：,Well have an opportunity to exchange views tomorrow.,Mark researched his topic thoroughly.,The directions specify how the medicine is to be used.,有些及物动词通常以表示人的名词或代词为宾语。

例如：,Losing a little money doesnt trouble me.,The arrangement suited us both.,The commander briefed his men.,常见的这类动词有anger,brief,comfort,contact,frighten,interest,shock,suit,surprise,tease,thank,trouble,warn等有些及物动词常和一个介词短语或副词连用例如：,He attributed his good health to exercise.,Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.,常见的这类动词有a。