医学词汇构词法i.Voc.ppt

• By Wang Lanying• Foreign Language DepartmentI. Target1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing with MLI. Target3. Nurture the sense of stylistic researchII. Methodology 1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation2.Understand the medical language traits through reading3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features4. Active and energetic learning under the teacher’s guideIII. Course Arrangement1.72 Teaching periods,4/week2.Eight Units this term3.Required course and exam4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning ‘ e y e d o c t o r ’ , a r e e x a m p l e s . The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood. What is medical language?Most medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels ( o / a ) t h a t j o i n a l l t h e s e p a r t s .Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. [医]硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (发声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.1.To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms. gastr /o/ enter /o/ logyrootrootsuffixCombining formElectr /o/ cardi /o/ gramrootrootrootrootrootrootcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowel心电图Combining formsprefixessuffixescyt/o : cellderm/o :skinbi/o : lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o : jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o : liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o : boneepi- :abovemulti-: manypoly-: manyex- : outendo- :insidetrans- : acrosshyper-: excessivehypo- :deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy: excision-gram: record-cyte: cell-scope: instrument fro visually exam-itis: inflammation-ist : person specialized in-logy: process of study-oma: tumor-osis: abnormal condition-tomy: cutting2. To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma: blood tumor 血肿OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy: process of cutting upgastrectomy: removal of the stomacharthrotomy: incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多The Roles of PronunciationMedical Terminology•Systems•Organs•Tissues•CellsEndocrine syst.Reproductive syst.Mastery of Medical WordsOrgansTissuesCellsDistribution of vocabulary in medical literatureEssential voc.Popular science voc.Medical termsThe 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndromeThe 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , dissolve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, studyDistribution of vocabularyMedical Terminology•I. Conversion•II. derivativeIII. Compoundingopportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-ist/ -gic•asymptomatic•antivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳•I. Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇； opportunist ; sympathetic block•交感神经阻滞术, sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 拟交感神经药；• capsule 胶囊药,被膜•Reservoir 贮主(zhu)•To protect trachea from collapsing •the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿主•space –occupying lesion 占位性病变Derivatives• Prefix: •ir- •il- •im-•mis-•irregularity, irresistable•illegal, •illiterate•immature •immobile•immodest•immorality•misbehavior•mislead•misfortune•misstate•mismanage•Prefix•Dis/dys- dishonest• dysphonia• disorder• dyspnea• disease•in- inexperienced• insufficiency• inadequate• inactivated•un- unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛 •none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstress testnonulcer dyspepsianonspecific immunitynonsense mutationnonself•非抽烟者•非电解质•无应激实验•非溃疡性消化不良•非特异性免疫•无义突变•非自我的•ex-•exclusion•excretion •exhale•ex- president•ex-wife•exclude•排斥•排泄•呼气•前总统•前妻•排除在外•Suffix: n. •reliance •resistance existence •coldness consciousness• decision •collision• inclusion•treatment•encouragement•Adj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially •V.-en.(a.+ en)•whiten•widen•fasten(tie)•lengthen•shorten•worsen•weaken•brighten•lighten •-al n.•survival•refusal•arrival•proposal•withdrawal•removal•(but not: compose, compromise)Compounds•Roots•Organs and their rootsliver → hepato/a-lung → pulmono-kidney → reno-/nephro-heart → cardio-nerve → neuro-•spleen → splen(o)•brain → cerebro-•head → cephal(o)•eye → ophthalm/•skin → dermo-•ear → oto-(otology)•chest →thorac/o-•arteri/o → artery•vaso → vessel•nose→ naso- / nasoantritis • 鼻上颌窦炎 throat → laryngo- •Laryngitis 喉炎•Pharynx → 咽 •Pharyng (o)-•Pharyngectomy 咽切除•描述人体器官方位：•Anterior → anterior band of colon•结肠前带•posterior → posterior teeth 后牙•superior → superior vena cava •上腔静脉•inferior → inferior thyroid artery•甲状腺下动脉 inter- (between) → interatrial 房间的 •intra-(inside) → intracellular•endo-(intra- ) → endocarditis•poly-(many, much) →polyarthritis multi- (many, much) --multicuspid 多尖的•hyper-(high, extra) → hypertension •hypo-(low,less)→ hypotension •homo-( same)→ homolateral同侧的•homograft hetero-(different)→ heteroantigen 异种抗原•dys-(not) →dysplasia发育不良 dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难•counter- 对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalance 等衡 psycho- 精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobiology•thrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎Thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎•meningo- 脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎•lympho- lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少•radio- radionuclide- angiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术•immuno- immunosuppression•electro- electrosynthesis 电合成 staphylo- 葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 悬雍垂成形术•Strepto- Streptococcus Streptomycin•Osteo → bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤•Lumb/o →lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的 •Suffix:•-itis (inflammation) hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎 •-ectomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy•-graphy（照像术） cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法•- gram 照片 cardiogram 心动图•-scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope•-cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte•-coccus 球菌球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 meningococci pneumococci streptococci•-logy (science) Psychology Sociology Pathology Pharmacology• -ist ( scientist) Physiologist•-cian physician, pediatrician technician clinician•-oma (neoplasm)瘤 hepatoarcinoma adenoma 腺瘤•-emia [-imia]血症 leukemia lipidemia 脂血症 erythroblastemia 成红细胞血症 •-pathy (disease) pathophysiology myopathy 肌病•-osis 异常，增多 leukocytosis erythroblastosis 成红细胞增多 -ia → ( condition)• otitis media• otoneuralgia 耳神经痛•hypogammaglobulinemia•cytomegalovirus•mononuclear leukocytosis•osteomyelitis•encephalitis•meningitis•低丙种球蛋白血症•细胞巨化病毒•单核细胞增多•白细胞增多,•骨髓炎•脑炎•脑膜炎Test YourselvesPoliomyelitisImmunocytochemistryImmunosuppressionLymphoproliferative syndromesLymphoangiologyLymphangiotomylymphangiosarcoma•脊髓灰质炎•免疫细胞化学•免疫抑制•淋巴细胞增生性 综合症•淋巴管学•淋巴管切开术•淋巴管肉瘤Thank you for your attention !。