语法精讲 There be 句型.docx

1. 定义：There be 句型表示“某处存在某物或某人”，包括 there is、there are、there was、there wereHere be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”2. 结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要 与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词be要与跟它最近的那 个名词一致，即“就近原则”eg. ① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多 学生③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree.树下有两个男孩，一个女孩④ There is a girl and two boys under the tree. 树下有一个女孩，两个男孩。

3. There be句型与have的区别：(1) There be句型、have和own都表示“有”的含义区别如下：There be表示某处(或某时)〃有"(某人或某物)，表示客观存在之“有”；have是常用词，表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，表示所属、拥有关系，是“所有”之“有”；own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权eg.①There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人② He has two sons. 他有两个儿子③ He owns that house. 他拥有那座房子2) 当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be句型与其可互换eg. There are seven days in a week. = A week has seven days. 一个星期有七天3) There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面eg. There are seven days in a week. = A week has seven days. 一个星期有七天变脸一：否定句There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。

注意not和no 的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n.相当于no+ n.例如：eg. ① There are some pictures on the wall.—There aren't any pictures on the wall. = There are no pictures on the wall.② There is a bike behind the tree.—There isn't a bike behind the tree. = There is no bike behind the tree.变脸二：一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为“调整法” 但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any （否定变化也一样），即some用于肯定句，any用 于否定句或疑问句看看下面两句是如何“改头换面”的吧：eg. There is some water on Mars. — Is there any water on Mars?There are some stones in the water. —Are there any stones in the water?变脸三：特殊疑问句There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“ Who,s +介词短语？”；当主语是物时，用“ What,s +介词短语？”。

注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式（即is），回答时都要根据实 际情况来决定eg. There are many things over there. —What's over there?There is a little girl in the room. — Who is in the room?② 对地点状语提问：用“Where is / are +主语？”eg. There is a computer on the desk. — Where is the computer?There are four children on the playground. —Where are the four children?③对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：How many +复数名词+ are there +介词短语？How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语？eg. How many children are there on the playground?— There are four children on the playground.How much water is there in the glass? — There is no water in the glass.。