Unit3 语法-反身代词讲义八年级上册.docx

八年级第一学期英语 . Unit3 A day outGrammar & Usage一、反身代词（Reflexive pronouns）的概念反身代词是以"-self"或"-selves"结尾的代词，用来指代动作执行者本身，在句中起强调或反射作用，表示我自己(myself)、你自己(yourself)、他/她/它自己(himself/herself/itself)、我们自己(ourselves)、他们自己(themselves)等二、反身代词的构成第一人称、第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词+self/selves”构成如：myself(我自己)、ourselves(我们自己)、yourself(你自己)、youerselves(你们自己)第三人称的反身代词由“人称代词宾格+self/selves”构成如：himself/herself/itself 他/她/它自己、themselves(他们自己)三、反身代词的语法功能1、用作宾语（1）反身代词可以做动词的直接宾语，直接宾语是跟随及物动词并接受动词动作的词、短语和从句反身代词可以出现在大多数及物动词后如：amuse，blame，cut，dry，enjoy，help，hurt，kill，prepare，satisfy，teach。

下面来看一下例句：I hurt myself taking down Christmas decorations.我弄伤了自己把圣诞装饰品拿下来时She taught herself to play the piano.她自学弹钢琴Did you cut yourself with the paring knife?你用削皮刀割伤自己了吗？My son amused himself with the Sesame Street toys.我儿子玩芝麻街玩具自娱自乐You must dry yourselves before coming into the house.进屋前你必须先把自己擦干2） 反身代词可以做动词的间接宾语间接宾语是双宾语及物动词后面的表示动词作用对象的名词、短语和从句间接宾语一般是人例句：I bought myself a new sweater.我给自己买了一件新毛衣He will give himself a cheat day next week.下星期他会欺骗自己的一天You should get yourself something to eat.你应该给自己弄点吃的。

She did not steal herself a new car.她没有偷新车3）用作介词宾语反身代词可以用在介词to, for, by, of, like等后面作介词宾语例如：She is talking to herself.她在自言自语I mailed the package to myself.我把包裹寄给了自己Did you give the award to yourself?你给自己颁奖了吗？She bought a new car for herself.她为自己买了一辆新车2、用作同位语反身代词可以作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调作用，意思是：亲自、本身等作主语同位语可以放在主语的后面或者是句子的后面举几个例子来理解：She herself is a teacher.她本人是一个老师herself作she的同位语，放在主语后面）Did you cook the meal yourself?你亲自做的饭吗？（yourself作you的同位语，放在句子末）I can finish it myself.我可以自己完成myself作it的同位语，放在句尾)3、用作表语反身代词用在be, feel, seem, look等系动词后作表语，用来表示身体或精神状态。

例如：I am feeling myself again.我感觉自己健康如初She is not herself today.她今天不舒服The poor boy was himself.那个可怜的男孩就是他自己4、固定用法英语中有不少由反身代词构成的固定搭配如果能识记它们，是很有用的这些短语有：（1）by oneself 独自，单独Its more satisfying to do the job by oneself.独自一人做这项工作更让人感到满足It can be very lonely living by oneself.一个人独目生活会很孤独2）for oneself 为自己I believe oneself, For oneself diligently one time.我相信自己，为自己努力一次3）enjoy oneself 玩得愉快I hope you enjoy oneself.我希望你能过得快乐！（4）help yourself 自行取用Help yourself to some fish.请随便吃些鱼吧5）say to oneself 心里想take care of oneself 保重devote oneself 致力于（6）teach oneself 自学5、反代词常见错误用法（1）反身代词不能单独作主语，但可以做主语同位语，起强调作用。

如：我自己能完成作业Myself can finish my homework.(错误)I myself can finish my homework.(正确)I can finish my homework myself.(正确)（3） 反身代词表示“某人自己"，不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式表达“某 人自己的（东西）”时，须要用ones own如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画Im drawing with myself crayons.(错误)Im rawing with my own crayons.(正确)（4） for oneself 为自己；独自One shouldn’t live for himself alone.You must find it out for yourself.（5）to oneself 独自享用When he eats in a restaurant, he likes a table to himself.（6）of oneself 自动地The door opened of itself.（7）dress oneself 自己穿衣The children dressed themselves up as angels to attend the ceremony.孩子们把自己打扮成天使去参加典礼。

8）come to oneself恢复知觉After three hours in the hospital bed, he began to come to himself.躺在医院床上三个小时后,他开始苏醒过来10）hide oneself把自己藏起来To leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution.秘密而迅速地离开且隐藏自己，常为躲避逮捕或迫害11）teach oneself 自学Training attentively students ability to analyse, solve problems and teach oneself;注重培养学生分析、解决问题的能力和自学能力He teaches himself playing basketball.他自学打篮球12）lose oneself 迷路，沉浸于He lost himself in reading. 他沉浸于阅读中13）talk to oneself 自言自语She couldnt sleep at night and often talked to himself. 她晚上睡不着,经常自言自语。

14）excuse oneself 自我辩解To excuse oneself before there is occasion is to accuse oneself.在有必要辩解之前就为自己辩解，其实就是在控告自己He excused himself from the party.他要求不参加这次聚会15）be not oneself身体不舒服在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常如：I don’t know what’s the matter with me. I’m not myself today. 我不知道怎么啦今天我感觉不舒服16）express oneself 清楚表达自己的意思He is still unable to express himself in English.（17）for oneself 替自己，为自己（18）in oneself本身（19）between ourselves 私下说的话（不可告诉别人）Between ourselves, that young mans hair is much too long. 就咱俩之间说说，那小伙子的头发实在是太长了。

This is just between ourselves. 这只是咱俩私下的悄悄话20）among themselves他们之间（21）to oneself供自己使用（22）by oneself 独自地, 单独地He caught the robber by himself. 他单凭自己抓住了抢劫者I cant do such a thing by myself. 我自己干不了这样一件事23）by itself 自然地The machine will start by itself in a few seconds.（24）devote oneself to 致力于...，专注于...He decided to devote himself to gardening after his retirement. 他决定退休后专心于园艺I am determined to devote myself to the cause of education.（25）enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得快乐I hope you will enjoy yourself here. 我希望你在这里玩得开心。

Bars are places where people gather to drink and enjoy themselves. 酒吧是人们相聚饮酒享乐的地方跟踪练习】一、将下列句子译成汉语1. Help yourself to the cakes.2. The old man was over seventy. He couldnt look after himself.3. I hope she didnt hurt herself.4. She is good at painting. She teaches herself.5. I。