人教版七年级英语上全册语法知识点.docx

人教版七年级英语上全册语法知识点（一）be动词1、be动词概说包括am, are, is)①连系动词，本身有词义“是”，在句子中和其后的表语一起构成谓语e.g. I am tall.(表语)②助动词，无词义e.g. He is playing football.2、be动词的用法①am → 主语是单数第一人称（即I）e.g. I am…②be → are 单数第二人称及所有复数e.g. You are… The coats are…3is → 单数第三人称及不可数名词e.g. Your father is… The money is…3、否定句式（即改否定句）：在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变e.g. He is not a teacher.4、缩写形式①主语+be，缩写be第一个字母为 ’，再与主语合并e.g. you are → you’re Jack is → Jack’s②be+not否定形式的缩写，缩写not中“o”为 ’, 再与be合并 e.g. is not→isn’t are not→aren’t③不能缩写的情况：this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。

e.g. Yes, I am. (I’m 误)5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换①一般疑问句：将be动词提前，其它照抄不变，最后+？，读升调一般第一人称改为第二人称）e.g. The man in the car is her father.→ Is the man in the car her father?I’m a middle school student.→ Are you a middle school student?②一般疑问句的肯否定回答肯定回答： Yes, 主语+be. 否定回答： No, 主语+ be+ not.e.g. Is he old? ——Yes, he is. /No, he is not.Are you a new student? ——Yes, I am./ No, I’m not.Is your father at home? ——Yes, he is./No, he is not.(isn’t)注意：①主语必须用代词回答；②肯定回答不能缩写；③回答第二人称，用第一人称回答③特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）1) 方法：将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词，然后置于句首，接着再将be动词或情态动词提前(置于疑问词之后)，其它部分照抄不变，最后+？(即疑问词+一般疑问句？)e.g. The man in a red cap is her brother.→ Who is the man in a red cap?I can sing English songs. → What can you do?2) 注意：①被提问部分不能再写。

②提问动词(即提问做某事)，在改句子时注意还“do”，表示做什么？3) 相应的疑问词1. 事物 → what e.g. That is a cat. → What is that?2. 地点 → where He is at home? → Where is he?3. 人 → who The man is his father. → Who is the man?4)谁的 → whose The coat is his. → Whose is the coat?（提问名词性物主代词whose后不用带物）That is Jack’s ball. → Whose ball is that?（提问形容词性物主代词whose后要带物或人）5)怎样(程度，方式) → how She’s fine. → How is she?How can he go to school?He can go to school by bus.6). 职业 → what My father is a worker. → What is your father?7). 年龄 → how old Our grandpa is 80. → How old is your grandpa?8). 班级 → what class→ What class are you in? We are in Class 2, Grade 1.9)数字 → what My phone number is 2212121→What’s your phone number?10)哪一个 → which→ Which boy is Mike? The boy in a blue shirt is Mike.（一般which用来提问定语，并且后要带物或人）11). 颜色 → what colour His car is yellow.→ What colour is his car?12. 数量 → how many+可数复数名词 There are two books on the desk. →How many books are there on the desk?how much+不可数名词 There is only a little water in the glass. →How much water is there in the glass?13)时间 → what time → What time can you get there? I can get there at six.when → When can you go with me? I can go with you on Sunday.14）价钱 → how much→ How much is the bag? The bag is twenty yuan.（二）代词：1、代词的形式2、代词的用法①动作的发出者，代词用主格，(一般在句首，动词前)。

e.g. He often writes to me.②动作的承受者，代词用宾格，(一般在句末，动词后、介词后)e.g. Let’s ask him.Lets play with them.③物的主人，用物主代词即代词所有格)1）形容词性物主代词后一定要带物，不能单独使用，一般用在名词前e.g. This is their classroom.That is my bike.It is her red coat.2）名词性物主代词，相当于形容词性物主代词+物e.g. The books are hers. (her books)The bike is his. (his bike)3）形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的区别：形容词性物主代词：后要带物（即名词）It’s my pen.名词性物主代词：后不带物 It’s mine.(因此填物主代词应注意判断后有无带物，有用形容词性物主代词，无即用名词性物主代词)4）名词性物主代词作主语，要注意be的形式e.g. These are not her pens. Hers are in the bag.(her pens)This is not our classroom. Ours is over there.(our classroom)5）含形容词性物主代词与含名词性物主代词的句子可以转换。

译法稍有不同）e.g. This is her pen → This pen is hers.Those black cats are his. → Those are his black cats.6）提问物主代词用whose.e.g. This is my pen. → Whose pen is this? These pens are mine. → Whose are these pens?注意：1. 提问形容词性物主代词，用Whose+物2. 提问名词性物主代词，用Whose.3. Whose + be + 主语，be 根据主语判断7）whose 句型的转换e.g. Whose coat is this?→ Whose is this coat?（三）所有格：表示物或人的“所属”关系1、名词所有格的形式：① 名词之后直接+’se.g. Mary―Mary’s Kate―Kate’s② 以s结尾的名词只加 e.g. students―students’2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词，但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词e.g. today’s newspaper;an hour’s walk; China’s city3、注意：①表示两者或多者共有，在最后一个名词+ ’s。

e.g. Mike and Jim’s room.（共用，用单数）②如果不是共有，指各有，则各词都应+’se.g. Mike’s and Jim’s rooms. (各有，用复数)4、表示无生命的名词所有格用of短语表示，但注意词序与汉语习惯不同，形式为：名词+of+名词（前者属于后者）e.g. the door of the room. 那房间的门the picture of my family. 我的家庭的照片5、注意：有时’s 结构可以转化为of 短语对等）e.g. his father’s friends → the friends of his father. the girl’s new bike → the new bike of the girl.the dog’s name → the name of the dog但不是所有of 结构都有对等的’s结构因为’s 只用于有生命的词四）名词的数1、名词的概念：名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词，如：teacher, school, morning, thanks, duty. 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。

2、可数名词1）可数名词是指可以用数目计算是名词，有单复数两种形式可数名词包括个体名词：e.g. apple , student.集体名词：e.g. class people2）用法：① 单数名词前可用a, an修饰；② 之前可以直接用数词；③ 之前可用a lot of, lots of，many, some等修饰；④ 提问其数量用How many + 复数名词；3）可数名词的复数形式： 英语名词复数的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式A 规则变化：① 一般在单词的结尾直接+s； e.g. book ― books② 如果单词以s, x, ch, sh等结尾，+es； bus ― buses③ 若以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es；city ― cities story ― stories④ 以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为ves；wife ― wives knife ― knives⑤ 以o结尾，有生命的+ese.g. tomatoes； 没有生命的+s e.g. zoos；⑥ 两个名词用在一起构成合成名词变复数时，只把合成名词的主体名词变成复数 e.g. banana trees⑦ 但是以woman, man等名词与其后面的名词构成合成名词变复数时，里面所含的成分全。