重温先父遗传：后代继承他们母亲前配偶的获得性特征.docx

用了几天时间，终于将一篇2014年发表于高阶学术期刊《生态学通讯》上的一篇关于先父 遗传的论文翻译出来了这篇论文用实验证实了先父遗传的存在因为我认识的人中有学水产养殖的，所以很久之前我就听说过先父遗传现象，据说这种现象 在养殖中是非常普遍的但后来我看到的所有资料都痛批它是伪科学，而以前我是深信“主 流科学”意见的，所以一直没关注它后来我发现并解释了淫乱降低后代智力的规律，并一 直坚持反淫乱宣传，但那时我觉得，以性解放分子宣传的歪理，中毒的人连自己的孩子是隔 壁老王还是经纪人老宋的都不在乎，哪还在乎自己的孩子带有老婆的前炮友的相貌特征？所 以先父遗传即使被证实是真的，对反淫乱宣传都没什么卵用前几天有个网友在天涯这发出消息，说有科学团队用实验证实先父遗传，出于好奇，我立即 去下载了这篇论文来看一看之下很受启发至少这篇论文证明了，亲代的生活习惯对后代 性状有极大影响而事实上，2006年美国科学家皮特尼克就通过解剖发现了，淫乱物种大 脑小睾丸大，而贞洁物种大脑大睾丸小，推断淫乱物种智力低而这个发现不被社会重视(或 者相关研究被黑暗民族封杀)，原因就在于人们普遍有侥幸心理，认为淫乱降低后代智力的 过程起码得有几万年，自己爽了再说，哪管它几万年后的事。

而这篇论文用无可辩驳的实验 事实证明，你的生活习惯都可影响后代呢，淫乱降低后代智力哪用得了多久，你自己淫乱你 的孩子就遭殃了而现在欧美日的民众普遍连个位数乘法都学不会的事实，更增加“淫乱降 低后代智力”这一论断的说服力下面是该论文的译文因为我此前一直做的是中译英的工作，很少做英译中方向的翻译，并 且国内甚少有相关研究，我没读过相应的中文资料，译文不可避免地有不完善的地方，请读 者多多包涵！Ecology Letters, (2014) 17: 1545-1552Revisiting telegony: offspring inherit an acquired characteristic of their mother's previous mate 生态学通讯(2014) 17: 1545-1552 (此期刊最新的影响因子为10.772，算是仅次于世界顶级 学术期刊的刊物了) 重温先父遗传：后代继承他们母亲前配偶的获得性特征AbstractNewly discovered non-genetic mechanisms break the link between genes and inheritance, thereby also raising the possibility that previous mating partners could influence traits in offspring sired by subsequent males that mate with the same female (‘telegony'). In the fly Telostylinus angusticollis, males transmit their environmentally acquired condition via paternal effects on offspring body size. We manipulated male condition, and mated females to two males in high or low condition in a fully crossed design. Although the second male sired a large majority of offspring, offspring body size was influenced by the condition of the first male. This effect was not observed when females were exposed to the first male without mating, implicating semen-mediated effects rather than female differential allocation based on pre-mating assessment of male quality. Our results reveal a novel type of transgenerational effect with potential implications for the evolution of reproductive strategies.【摘要】 新发现的非遗传机制打破了基因与遗传特征之间的联系，从而也提高了前配偶能影响由后继 雄性与同一雌性交配授精所产后代的性状的可能性(先父遗传) 。

在一种澳大利亚蝇类 (Telostylinus angusticollis ) 身上， 雄性通过父亲效应把他们的环境获得状态(environmentally acquired condition)中的身体大小传导到后代中去我们操纵雄性条 件，让雌性在一个完全交叉的设计中与两个分别处于高或低状态的雄性交配虽然后继雄性 是绝大部分后代的遗传意义上的父亲，但后代的身体大小受前雄性身体状态的影响在雌性 与前雄性接触但没有交配时，没有观察到这种效果，表明是精液介导这种效应，而非基于交 配前雄性品质评估的雌性资源差异分配我们的研究结果揭示了一种新代际效应，这种效应 对生殖策略的演进具有潜在影响KeywordsCondition, diet, inheritance of acquired traits, non-genetic inheritance, paternal effect, plasticity, seminal proteins, telegony.关键词 状态，饮食,获得性状遗传，非遗传遗传，父系效应，可塑性，精液蛋白，先父遗传Ecology Letters (2014) 17: 1545-1552INTRODUCTIONRecent advances in our understanding of inheritance have revealed that offspring-parent resemblance cannot be explained solely by the transmission of parental genes (see recent reviews: Danchin et al. 2011; Bonduriansky 2012). Accumulating evidence shows that a variety of inheritance mechanisms (including but not restricted to epigenetic inheritance) operate alongside Mendelian inheritance, such that both genetic and non-genetic sources of variation (and the interactions between them) can influence phenotypic variation and evolutionary outcomes. The recognition of non-genetic processes in the transmission of variation across generations necessitates a re-examination of phenomena excluded by classical genetics. Before the advent of modern genetics, many biologists believed that a male can leave a mark on his mate's body, causing the female's subsequent offspring to resemble their mother's first mate, despite being sired by another male (Rabaud 1914; Ewart 1920). This hypothesised phenomenon, dubbed ‘telegony' by August Weismann, was rejected in the early 20th century because it lacked unequivocal empirical support and was deemed incompatible with Mendelian genetics (Burkhardt 1979). However, recent discoveries have revealed the existence of molecular and physiological mechanisms that have the potential to mediate telegony (Liu 2011, 2013). Although classic discussions of telegony focused on effects carried over from one gestation to the next, similar mechanisms could enable males who do not sire any offspring to influence the development of future offspring sired by other males. Potential mechanisms of telegony include penetration of maternal somatic cells by sperm, foetal genes in mother's blood, and the ability of RNA to program genome rearrangement (Liu 2011, 2013). In addition, males provide the female with a suite of proteins and other molecules in the seminal fluid (Avila et al. 2011), the concentration and composition of which can be altered by the male's environment (Wigby et al. 2009; Perry & Rowe 2010; Sirot et al. 2011). Seminal products are known to have complex effects on female fitness and behaviour (Gillott 2003; Wigby et al. 2009; Perry et al. 2013), and can influence offspring health via effects on the female reproductive tract (Bromfield 2014; Bromfield et al. 2014). Hence, we propose that the phenotype of a female's previous mate could potential。