高中英语时态辨析：过去进行时、完成时与将来时的用法及差异.docx

过去进行时用法1. 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week.2. 与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时John was always coming to school late.  Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people.3. 用来描写故事发生的情景时It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.4. when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时I was taking a walk when I met him.  We were playing outside when it began to rain.  5. go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。

I was leaving for Washington that day.  She was coming later.6. 用过去进行时表示现在，主要是为了使语气委婉、客气I was wondering if you could give me a lift.  We were hoping you would stay with us.  7. 动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态比较：He was friendly.  (指过去长期如此)He was being friendly.  (指当时一时的表现)过去完成时用法1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”用时间轴表示为：——过去的过去——过去（参照物）——现在注意：如果没有参照点，“一分钟之前”是“过去”，“前年”是“过去”，“十亿年之前”也是“过去”但如果确定了一个参照点，时态就不同了如果以“last weekend”为参照物，那么在last week 之前就是过去完成时了如果“去见朋友”是过去时，那么在“（见朋友前）dress up”该用过去完成时By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.I returned the book that I had borrowed.She found the key that she had lost.He said that he had known her well.I thought I had sent the letter a week before.  When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.2. 动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。

They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.We had hoped to be able to come and see you .3. 过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.注意：历史事实通常用一般过去时表示：They learned that President Lincoln led the American War.He told the students that Hitler killed millions of Jews. 注意：当两个或多个过去发生的动作紧挨着并列出现时，尽管各动作之间有先后关系，仍然用一般过去式。

He put down the luggage and returned to the car.由after, before, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句，已经清楚地表明了动作的先后关系，也可以用一般过去时表示先后发生的动作 过去将来时用法1. 过去时将来时是对于过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态常用于宾语从句中We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.At that time I knew we should succeed.She hoped that they would meet again someday.They said it would be fine.I rang up to tell my father that I should leave for London.2. 表示过去的某种习惯行为She would lose the key!He would sit for hours doing nothing.3. 过去将来时除了用“should, would+动词原形”表达外，还有以下几种表达法。

was/were going to表示过去的打算和意图：He was going to start work the following week. （打算）He said he was going to visit China the next week.表示没有实现的打算和意图He was going to come last night, but it rained.  (没有实现)I thought the film was going to be interesting. （结果不是如此）“was/were to+动词原形”通常指过去的计划安排或注定要发生的事情如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式He said he was to meet his girlfriend at the station at 4p.m. （计划安排）These first words were to change my world.  (注定要发生的事情)At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life. ( 注定要发生的事情)She said she was to take up the position. (表示打算)She said she was to have taken up the position. ( 计划但未能实现)  was/were about to＋动词原形，表示过去即将发生的事。

I felt that something terrible was about to happen.We were about to go there when it began to rain.表示位置转移的动词 (如go，come，leave，start等)的过去进行时，表示按照过去的计划安排将在过去将来发生的事情I didn't know you were coming.He hurried into the carriage. The train was leaving in a few minutes. 一般过去时和过去完成时的区别“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.She left her case on the train.She found she had left her case on the train.He wrote a lot of poems.He showed me the poems he had written.在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。

After he (had) left the room, the boss came in. （“离开”的动作在“进来”之前，在“过去的过去”，用过去完成时正确；同时，句中已经有了before来明确两个动作的先后关系，用一般过去时也可以We arrived home before it snowed. 时态考查方式一、利用干扰时态考查一般现在时或一般过去时当命题者想针对一般现在时或一般过去时这样的简单时态设题时，他们通常都会同时设置一个其他的干扰时态，以扰乱学生思维此时千万不要受干扰时态的影响而步入命题人的陷阱This machine _________. It hasn’t worked for years. (浙江卷)A. didn’t work     B. wasn’t working       C. doesn’t work         D. isn’t working答案选C此处讲的是机器目前的状况，故用一般现在时此题所利用的干扰时态是其后的现在完成时二、利用时态标志考查现在完成时态的用法在高中阶段，很多情况都不能仅凭某种相应的“时态标志”去判断时态，比如“for+时间段”可能用于过去时。

但是在这些时态标志中，与现在完成时搭配的标志性词语最明显，在高中阶段我们学习了不少关于现在完成时的“标志性时间状语”，比如so far, up to now等等另外，针对完成时的“完成”或“影响”含义，命题者也常常对此设题 Although m。