高考英语写作常考题型专题10 议论文和说明文（解析版）.docx

高考英语专题10 议论文和说明文议论文议论文又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性议论文有三个要素：论点、论据和论证 (2016·四川)某中学生英文报正举办＂The Season I Like Best＂的征文活动，请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容应包括： 1. 你最喜欢的季节； 2. 你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如：气候、景色、活动、感受……)注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 题目已为你写好； 3. 行文连贯，语篇完整； 4. 文中不得透露个人真实信息思路点拨】以＂我最喜欢的季节＂为题写一篇文章，属于提纲作文中的＂介绍事物＂类型学生看似没写过、练过，但实则又有话可说真正的难点在于对要点的分配和结构的把握：全文需要从陈述最喜欢的季节和给出理由两大方面进行构建，同时还要求在文章开头和结尾适当增加内容 审题时考生需要注意三点：1. 既然是为征文活动写的短文，那么最好增加标题(题干已给出)，注意和书信类的应用文有所区别2. 如前所述，内容主体虽然只涉及两个大方面，但陈述两条理由的时候需要有层次地展开：既可以从客观事实和主观感受两方面来写，也可以从季节本身的自然属性和发生在季节中的人文活动入手，这是该作文要求中比较灵活的部分。

3. 需要增加文章开头和结尾部分，以保证语篇的完整性和逻辑的通畅性，这是该作文要求中比较开放的部分这三点，是难点，也是失分点参考范文】The Season I Like Best Each of us knows that there are four seasons a year. Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is spring. I love to smell the fragrance of flowers, see the new green trees and hear the singing of small birds. There are many busy butterflies and bees over the flowers. Sometimes it rains, but usually rains quietly. The rain moistens the trees and the flowers. And I can play outside, too! Whether we like riding bikes, jogging or going on long walks, spring allows us to enjoy outdoor activities that we had to put on the back burner during winter. Of course, there are many other reasons to explain why I’m so excited about spring. Thank you, spring!【技巧点拨】 事物介绍类书面表达属于说明文。

说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章高考中，说明文常见的话题有：事物介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析和购物指南等写这类文章需要注意以下几点：1. 首先要审题，弄清需要介绍的内容，把握信息要点2. 写作内容要条理清楚，层次分明说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法等；明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法与分类法等3. 时态常用一般现在时，当然若是介绍其历史，要用一般过去时；语态可能会用到被动语态；若是介绍地点、环境等，要善于运用there be结构4. 人称多以第三人称为主思路点拨】 议论文(1)——正反观点型1．开头：提出问题；2．主体：陈述不同的观点及其理由；3．结尾：说明自己的观点议论文(2)——利弊对比型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)1．说明事物现状；2．事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)；3．你对现状(或前景)的看法议论文(3)——解决问题型第一段：引出现象，并指出这种现象的后果第二段：提出解决的办法第三段：总结这样做的好处【写作模板】模板一 不同观点列举型（选择型）There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.模板二 利弊型议论文Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.模板三 答辩型议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.模板四 谚语警句型议论文It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of p。