特殊STEMI协和病例讨论杨明ppt课件.ppt

Case Sharing: Broken Heart Syndrome北京协和医院 杨 明病例1高某，女，高某，女，67岁，，病案号：病案号：C767493 入院日期：入院日期：2019-3-30主主诉：： 心悸、胸心悸、胸闷3h 入院情况2019-3-30 10:00am “胆总管多发结石〞 行ERCP 术1：30pm 心悸、胸闷，无发热、腹痛、皮肤巩膜黄染、胸痛、认识妨碍、四肢冰凉、尿少等不适 心肌酶：CK：60U/L，CK-MB：7.4ug/L，CTnI：3.66ug/L心电图既往史既往史 高血高血压病病2年，血年，血压最高最高180/100mmHg雅施达雅施达4mg qd 血血压可控制可控制在在130/80mmHg2019-3-15因反复因反复恶心呕吐，心呕吐，查腹部超声、腹部超声、CT及及MRCP提示胆管提示胆管结石石3-15行第一次行第一次ERCP取石取石术，，术后患者焦后患者焦虑、焦躁、常疑心本人患、焦躁、常疑心本人患有有肿瘤、回瘤、回绝进食因胆管因胆管结石石较多，此次多，此次为二次二次ERCP取石个人史、月经婚育史、家族史无殊入院查体 T 36.8℃、HR 117bpm、BP110/80mmHg， SpO2 100%〔3L/min〕 精神焦躁，时间及空间定向力准确，对答切题，言语欠清，双侧瞳孔等大，对光反射灵敏，鼻胆管引流通畅、可见墨绿色胆汁、无异常臭味，心肺腹未见明显异常，四肢肌力肌张力正常，双侧病理征及脑膜刺激征阴性。

入院诊断入院诊断冠状冠状动脉粥脉粥样硬化性心硬化性心脏病病 急性急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死〔前壁〕段抬高型心肌梗死〔前壁〕 心功能心功能1级〔〔Killip〕〕精神焦躁精神焦躁缘由待由待查高血高血压病病3级〔极高危〕〔极高危〕左左肾结石碎石石碎石术后后胆管胆管结石石 ERCP术后后子子宫切除切除术后后STEMI !STEMI !急诊冠脉造影病例1冠脉造影病例1冠脉造影病例1冠脉造影病例1冠脉造影病例1冠脉造影心脏超声(入院当天3-30)： 心尖部心肌运动明显减弱，EF 41%心脏超声(入院当天3-30)：入院后治疗可达龙 艾司洛尔 2d倍他乐克至今心肌酶变化表心电图变化入院一周后一周后心脏超声：心尖部及左室余室壁运动未见异常, EF 73% 入院当天一周后心脏超声入院当天一周后心脏超声病例2•韩某某，女，72岁•病案号 1681545•主诉：胸闷10小时•入院日期：2019-11-30 入院情况入院情况11-30日8am:外院拟行“卵巢癌剖腹探查术〞，麻醉前平卧位时突发胸闷、憋气，ECG：II、III、avF ST上抬0.05-0.1mv，V2-4 ST 抬高0.3mv，予三硝及阿司匹林200mg 口服后病症减轻，转至我院急诊。

卵巢癌手术前ECG胸痛时ECGII，III，AVF，V2,V3,V4导联ST段抬高我院急诊抢救室〔发病4h〕I，AVL，V2-4导联ST抬高，V2呈QS型，V3 rS型1：15pm〔起病5h〕：我院急诊查心肌酶： CK97U/l、CKMB 9.5ug/l、cTnI 2.51ug/l 床旁UCG：室间隔中下段无运动、心尖部、前壁运动减低，EF单平面50%既往史：否既往史：否认高血高血压、糖尿病、高血脂病史糖尿病、高血脂病史个人史、月个人史、月经婚育史、家族史无特殊，不嗜烟酒婚育史、家族史无特殊，不嗜烟酒入院入院查体：体：HR 100bpm，，BP 108/63mmHg，双肺呼吸音低，双下肺，双肺呼吸音低，双下肺可及可及细湿湿罗音，左肺音，左肺为著心律齐，全腹，全腹韧，叩，叩诊实音，中下腹可及音，中下腹可及不不规那么包那么包块，，质韧，，压痛〔痛〔+〕，无反跳痛、肌〕，无反跳痛、肌紧张，肝脾肋下未，肝脾肋下未及，肝脾区无叩痛，挪及，肝脾区无叩痛，挪动性性浊音〔音〔+〕，〕，肠鸣音正常双下肢无水音正常双下肢无水肿，，双足背双足背动脉正常左胸可脉正常左胸可见穿刺引流管通穿刺引流管通畅。

入院诊断：入院诊断： 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死〔前壁〕 心功能1级〔Killip〕 盆腔占位 卵巢癌能够性大 双侧胸腔积液 腹腔积液 STEMI !STEMI !病例2冠脉造影病例2冠脉造影病例2冠脉造影病例2冠脉造影病例2冠脉造影病例2冠脉造影病例2冠脉造影病例2冠脉造影诊治经过诊治经过心肌酶发病12h达峰：cTnI 4.87ug/l，CKMB 28.1ug/l，CK239U/l，之后逐渐回落至正常床旁心脏超声：室壁运动及左室收缩功能逐渐恢复正常血脂:TC:3.57mmol/l, TG:1.24mmol/lLDL:1.83mmol/l, HDL:1.18mmol/l发病24hI，AVL ST段抬高，V2-4 ST段抬高，V3 R波恢复12月6日〔发病7天〕V2-4 T波双向，R波恢复正常入院ECHO1周后ECHO入院ECHO1周后ECHO2个病例与常见的个病例与常见的STEMI不同：不同：冠心病危冠心病危险要素很少要素很少发病于手病于手术或操作前后高度或操作前后高度紧张形状下形状下心肌心肌酶升的不像其他升的不像其他STEMI那么那么“高〞高〞左室射血功能和左室射血功能和ECG在短在短时间内恢复正常内恢复正常STEMI？？Myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteriesPathogenetic mechanisms正向重构正向重构负向重构负向重构IVUS纤维帽破口纤维帽破口OCT能敏锐发现斑块破裂OCTOCTOCT能敏能敏能敏能敏锐发现锐发现锐发现锐发现内膜撕裂内膜撕裂内膜撕裂内膜撕裂MisdiagnosesTako-tsubo-like syndromeTako-tsubo-like syndromeThis rare syndrome, first described in Japanese patients in 1991 , consists of transient left ventricular dysfunction with chest symptoms, electrocardiographic changes and minimal myocardial enzyme release mimicking AMI, but without significant CAD.stress cardiomyopathy“ampulla〞 cardiomyopathytransient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome“broken heart syndrome〞neurogenic myocardial stunning  In 2019, under the name “stress cardiomyopathy〞, it was classified within the group of acquired cardiomyopathiesIt was named Tako-tsubo-like syndrome because of the end-systolic shape of the left ventricle at ventriculography, with apical ballooning, which resembles a tako-tsubo, i.e., the Japanese device used for trapping octopuses . EpidemiologyThe prevalence of the disease is unknown. In Japan it is estimated to be as high as 1-2% of hospital admissions for chest pain and acute dynamic ST-segment electrocardiographic changes.In the United States 2-2.2% of the patients presenting with the clinical picture of an ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) or unstable angina are ultimately diagnosed with TTC.EpidemiologyStudies in specific populations have shown a much higher incidence. 1/3 of the patients they studied, who were admitted to a medical ICU with a non-cardiac diagnosis (respiratory failure or sepsis), suffered from transient left ventricular apical ballooning. An increased incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchial asthma was found by Hertting et al in 32 patients diagnosed retrospectively with TTC. All these findings offer some evidence supporting the hypothesis that catecholamine surge may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.Triggering conditions：psychological trigger：unexpected loss of a close relative, confrontation with another person, devastating financial loss, fear prior to a medical procedure, etc. physical stress ：pulmonary disease, sepsis, trauma, cerebrovascular accident PathogenesisUnknownSeveral theories Catecholamine surge occult coronary atherosclerosis with plaque rupturecoronary spasmMicrovascular dysfunction and spasmClinical characteristicsChest pain〔100%〕ECG：56% ST-segment elevation17% T-wave inversions 10% Q-waves or abnormal R-wave progression. 17% non-specific changes or no changes at all. ECG difference are too subtle to be helpful in the differential diagnosis between TTC and an ACS in everyday clinical practice. The time course of these ECG changes in TTC seems similar to that observed in patients with early reperfused ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction, with T-wave inversion persisting for at least 2-3 weeksMinimally elevated cardiac markersCardiac imaging studies usually reveal extensive apical and/or mid-ventricular akinesis or hypokinesis with basal sparing, discordant with the minimally increased cardiac enzymes. These wall motion abnormalities typically extend beyond the vascular territory of a single coronary artery, suggesting that myocardial stunning rather than necrosis is the underlying mechanism of the acute left ventricular dysfunction. 冠脉造影The typical finding is the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. However, Ibanez et al were able to describe the presence of ruptured atherosclerotic plaques in some patients with the use of intravascular ultrasound. Whether this finding is of any pathophysiologic relevance remains currently unknown. 左室造影MRITreatmentThe optimal treatment for TTC remains unknown. Initial management should be the treatment of myocardial ischemia〔 aspirin, clopidogrel, nitrates, intravenous heparin and β-blockers 〕send the patient immediately to the catheterization laboratory Close monitoring for the development of heart failure, cardiogenic shock or malignant arrhythmiasAfter the diagnosis of TTC has been established, antiplatelet agents and nitrates should be discontinued. On the other hand, since this is catecholamine-induced clinical syndrome, β-blockers should be kept on board and ACEI should also be started until the recovery of cardiac function. Diuretics are appropriate in the case that congestive heart failure develops. Anticoagulation should also be considered in the case of severe systolic dysfunction to reduce the risk of thromboembolism. PrognosisTTC usually has a benign course with full recovery of left ventricular function within 2-4 weeks from the onset of symptoms in the great majority of the cases. Complications : cardiogenic shock 6.5%,congestive heart failure 3.8%, ventricular tachycardia 1.6%, and death 3.2%.Recurrences, although rare, have also been reported.病例1左室造影：Tako-tsubo-like syndrome〔broken heart syndrome〕(1) elderly (>60 years old) women; (2) symptoms similar to an AMI; (3) Emotionnal or physical stress as trigger(4) a left ventricular wall hypokinesia extending from the mid segments to the apex；(5) normal coronary arteries at angiography; (6) rapid improvement within few weeksMyocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries--------Multiple aetiologies and Variable prognosisThank you！。