step by step 3000听力4 第四册_原文及答案.doc

Unit1Part IBSpeaker 1> not remember very much about childhood / not very close / not talk very muchSpeaker 2 > get on very well with mum / talk very openlySpeaker 3 >(mum) always tell me to do this and do that / (father) let me do what I wantSpeaker 4-> fond memories of childhood / seemingly spoil usTape script:1. I dont remember very much about my childhood, actually. My wifes always asking me "When you were a boy, did you use to... "and I reply "I dont know, I cant remember." We didnt ... we didnt use to talk very much, we werent very close, or if we were, we didnt show it. I remember I used to have my hair cut every Friday. My father and I would go together. I had the shortest hair in the school. When theyd finished cutting it, theyd burn the ends with a sort of candle. Oh Ill never forget that smell.2. I got on very well with my mother. I used to tell her everything- or nearly everything -- and shed talk to me very openly too. Sometimes shed say to me "Dont go to school today. Stay with me." And wed go out shopping or something like that.3. Im not a very tidy person, but my mothers very house-proud, so shes always telling me to pick things up and put them away, and do this and do that. She goes on for hours about "Cleanliness is next to godliness." My father isnt like that at all. He lets me do what I want. I think hes learned not to pay attention.4. I have very fond memories of my childhood. To me it represented security. We used to do a lot together as a family. I remember walks, and picnics, and going for rides on a Sunday afternoon. Every Friday, when my father came home from work, he had a treat for each of us. My mother used to say he was spoiling us, but why not? It didnt do us any harm.Part III FamilyA.The FamilyI. Functions of familyA. Providing necessities of lifeB. Offering affectionate joysC. Raising children to adulthoodD. Giving protection in times of emergencyII Patterns of familyA. Extended family -- uncles, aunts, cousins and in-lawsB. Nuclear family -- a husband, wife and their childrenC. Polygamous household- a husband, several wives and their childrenD. Divided residence -- husband and wife living separately with children raised by mothers brotherE. Nayar way of living -- brothers and sisters and sisters childrenF. Communal living group- persons not biologically relatedIII Factors influencing family structureA. Economic conditionse.g. No aid from society or state -- extended familyB. Industrialization and urbanizatione.g. Creation of many specialized jobs -- nuclear familyC. Inheritance customse.g. 1. Property inherited by eldest son2. Property inherited by all of sonsTapescript:Throughout history the basic unit of almost every human society has been the family. The members of the family live together under the same roof, they share the economic burdens of life as well as its affectionate joys, and it is the family which has primary responsibility for the important task of raising children to adulthood.The family is not a uniform concept in all societies. In many places it is an extended group which includes uncles, aunts, cousins and in-laws. The family head usually has considerable influence in arranging marriages, selecting careers and determining all important moves and purchases by any member of the family. Particularly in conditions where society or the state does not give aid and where consequently the responsibilities of the family are greater, this larger group provides better protection in times of economic or other emergency.In many other societies, including most industrialized ones, the "nuclear family" is the basic social unit. This term refers to a husband and wife united through marriage and their dependent children, whether natural or adopted. Industrialization and urbanization create many specialized jobs which tend to scatter family members among different employers and thus to separate residences as soon as they become wage earners. The small family, which has only one -- or if the wife works also, two -employed members, is better able to adapt to rapid change and to move when the job moves.The nuclear family is almost universal and the nuclear group of father, mother and their children is recognized even when it is part of an extended family. There are cases, however, which strain the definition. Polygamy, for example, brings several wives and their children into the picture. But polygamous households are not common in any society. More difficult to explain are the cases of divided residence. Among the Ashanti people of Africa, where the wife and husband do not reside together, the child gets training and affection from the mothers brother and learns that his mothers husband is "not his family." An even stranger situation existed with the Nayar of India before being changed by outside influence. There the household consisted of brothers and sis。