人教版中考英语专题：代词.doc

代词一、 代词的分类（九类）：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词[说明]大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用二、代词的用法（一）人称代词I you he heritwe you they meyou him her it us youthem1、代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格： He has great concern for them. 他很关心他们 She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的2、人称代词作表语时，用宾格时较多，特别是在口语中 Who is knocking at the door？－ It’s me./ —Me. 谁敲门？－是我 If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接收这个意见3、在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以He is more intelligent than her.He is taller than I am. 4、在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。

宾格me也一样 You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.（二）物主代词my yourhis her its ouryour their mine yours hishers its ours yours theirs 1、形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前，用作定语 Her parents are in England. 他的父母在英国 2、名词性物主代词作主语： May I use your pen? Yours works better. 3、名词性物主代词作宾语： I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 4、名词性物主代词作表语：This umbrella is yours and that one is hers. 5、名词性物主代词与of连用：He is a close friend of ours. This stand of ours is beyond reproach. 我们的这个立场是无可非议的。

6、某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词例如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.（三）反身代词1、见下表：数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词IyouHe/she/itweyouthey反身代词myselfyourselfHimself/herselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves 另外，one的反身代词为oneself2、反身代词的用法： 1）作宾语： He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.　我们昨晚玩得很开心 He thinks more of others than of himself. 他想到别人比想到自己更多一些 2）作表语： That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己 I’ll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。

3）反身代词还可以与某些介词连用，组成固定搭配： ① by oneself：自己，一个人干 They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的 ② for oneself：替自己，为自己 She made no complaint for herself. 她没有替自己抱怨 ③ among themselves：……之间 They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论 4）反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语 例如，enjoy oneself, hurt oneself, teach oneself（四）相互代词（each other, one another）1、相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语；其所有格分别为each other’s 、one another’s ,作定语They were pleased with one another. 他们彼此都很喜欢We are all eager to learn from each other. 他们都急切的向彼此学习。

The students borrowed each others notes. They have great concern for one another’s work.2、each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 这些小团体通常相互独立（五）指示代词指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等1、指示代词this和that的区别①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物 This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。

I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.④this在用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方； A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂，我是鲍勃 B: Whos that please? 请问是哪位？（美语用Whos it?或Whos this?）（六）疑问代词 疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语 1、who/what①询问姓名或关系——Who is he? ——He is my brother. /He is Henry. 询问职业或地位——What is he？ ——He is a lawyer/teacher.②What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。

例如，a. What is /are on the table?b. Who is/are in the library? 2、which与who、what：which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制例如，Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？ 3、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句（被称为连接代词）：例如：I cant make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在 Can you tell me whose the blue shirt on the bed is?　你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？【重点】（七）不定代词：不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、 some、any、no，以及由some、any、no和every构成的合成代词不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。

1、some与any1）一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句例如，a. He has some Chinese paintings.(定语)b. Some like sports, others like music.(主语) c. Ask me if you have any questions.(定语)d. I don’t know any of the students.（宾语）2) 特殊用法：①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思例如，a. Any child can do that.（定语）b. You may take any of them.（宾语）②在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中例如，a. Would you like some bananas?（邀请）b. Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)2、one,both,all1）one作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是one’s，反身代词是oneself。

此外，one、ones可以代替上文提到过的词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰2）both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思例如，a. This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)b. Both of the boys are here.(主语)3）all指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物例如，a. He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我b. All the schools are flo。