名词性从句讲义.docx

名词性从句概念在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句种类主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句注：由于名词性从句在句中不同的句法功能（即名词性从句在复合句中，能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等 相应地，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句引导词类别功能例词从属连词指起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分that, whether, if连接代词既起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语when, where, how, why, whenever， wherever， however主语从句主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句后置that引导的主语从句1） that引导的主语从句置于句首（that此时在从句中不充当任何成分，无含义，只起连接作用，不能省略）That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.注：从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

2） 在that引导的主语从句中，常用it作形式主语，that引导的真正的主语从句后置，常见的此类句型有：① It+系动词+形容词+that从句常用于这种结构的形容词有：necessary必要的certain明确的right正确的clear清晰的(un)likely（不）可能的possible可能的strange奇怪的obvious明显的natural自然的important重要的It is likely that he can't come to the meeting.It is obvious that you have made a big mistake.注：It is necessary/important/surprising/strange/unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible that+ 主语(should)+动词原 形+其它e.g. It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages.It is strange that you (should) trust Jane.②It+系动词+名词+that从句。

常用于这种结构的名词有：a pity遗憾a honor荣耀a shame令人遗憾的事a wonder奇迹good news好消息no wonder难怪a fact事实no surprise不奇怪It is a pity that you didn't attend the lecture yesterday. It is no wonder that you've achieved so much success.③It+ be+过去分词+that从句 常用于这种结构的过去分词有：said据说told有人告诉heard有人听说reported据报道decided作出决定suggested有人建议advised有人建议ordered根据命令remembered有人记得thought有人认为considered认为well-known很著名hoped有人希望announced据宣布It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls.注：It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/demanded +that+主语(should)+动词原形+其它e.g. It is suggested that you(should) spend more time in studying English.④It+动词（+宾语或状语）+that从句 常用于这种结构的动词有：seem显得matter重要turn out结果曰happen碰巧occur出现It happened to me that I was away when he called.It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager.• whether/if引导的主语从句whether引导的主语从句即可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需用it作形式主语。

whether, if只起连句中不作成分，且不可省略Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. (whether引导的主语从句放在句首)It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan.（主语从句是 whether/if he has agreed to my plan, it 作形式主语）•连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句1） 连接代词 what, who, whom, , whose, which , whatever, whoever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语,不可以省略What he said just now is true.Who breaks the law will be punished.2) 连接副词 when, where, why, how， whenever， however， wherever 等在从句中作状语Why they suddenly disappeared remains a mystery.（why在从句中作原因状语）When we'll go for a picnic isn 't known.（when在从句中作时间状语）宾语从句•句法功能1）作动词的宾语① 大多数位干及物动词后。

I hope (that) you can join us in the game.I doubt whether/if he will come to the wedding.② 有些动词短语后Please find out when the ship sails for New York.We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop both our bodies and characters.③ 可以运用it作形式宾语代替宾语从句A. 动词 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume 等后有宾语补足语时，要用 it 作形式宾 语，而把that引导的宾语从句后置e.g. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.I have made it rule that I keep diaries.B. 有些动词（词组）带宾语从句时需要在从句前加it.如如: hate, dislike, appreciate, see to, depend on 等。

除此之外，take it for granted 中的 it 是位于动词短语而不 是从句前e.g. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.Some students just take it granted that they will pass the exam.2） 作介词的宾语—般情况下介词后常用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句有的介词如in, except, but后可跟that引导的宾语从句） We are talking about whether we admit students into our clubs.They look similar except that one is a little tall.3） 作系表结构的宾语常用于此类结构的形容词有：sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等表示"情感"的形 容词We're all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty.I am extremely sorry that I have troubled you so much.• that引导的宾语从句that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义。

that无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分that可以省略I don't think （that） there will be time to do it.Many people believe that robots will do most of our work.• whether/if引导的宾语从句1） 可用whether/if的情况whether/if常放在ask, care, wonder, find out等后引导宾语从句whether/if在从句中不作成分，但是有"是否"含 义，不可省略I asked them whether/if they would win the match.Do you care whether/if you win?2） 只用whether不用if的情况① 引导介词后的宾语从句时It depends on whether it will snow tomorrow.② 与or not连用时I asked your secretary whether she could come or not.③ 与不定式连用时I really don't want know whether to accept or refuse.有些动词，如leave, put, discuss, doubt等后的宾语从句常用whether引导。

④ We doubt whether he will keep his promise.⑤ 宾语从句前置，置于句首时Whether they can come here on time, we don't know.•连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句1） 连接代词 what, who, whom, , whose, which , whatever, whoever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语, 不可以省略I don't。