现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习.docx

一. 现在完成时的构成 :现在完成时由助动词 have（has）+动词的过去分词构成has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.二. 现在完成时的用法 : 其用法主要有三种I. “已完成”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束常和 just, now, already, yet, not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上 （说明现在灯关上了） I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了 （说明可以交作业或做 别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果,现在仍残留着一般不用时间状语I have lost my pen .我把笔丢了 （说明过去某时丢的, 现在我还没找到这支笔） She has become a teache她已经当了老师说明她现在仍是老师）II. “未完成”用法表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,持续到现在,可能继续 下去,也可能刚刚结束 常和表示一段时间的状语连用如 today, this week（ month）, lately, recently, these days, in the past few days, during the last two weeks, since, since yesterday, since 2 days ago, since 1991, for a long time, for a month, so far, up to now, till （until ） now 等。

He has lived here for 30 years他住在这儿三十年了现在还住在这儿） They've known each other si nee childhood他们从小彼此相识现在还在往来） How long have you studied English？ 你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）III. 经验性用法 :表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多 次出现的状态常与频度畐U词女口 often,always,every week,twice等连用I have bee n to the Summer Palace twice我 曾经去过颐和园两次He has always said s(他总是这么说.三. 现在完成时的时间状语I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用女口： yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,three years ag( 等但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可 以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用a. 用副词already和yetalready一般用于肯定句中，yet —般用于否定句和疑 问句中如：We have already finished our homework我们已完成作业了。

They have n't fini shed their homework yet 他们还没有完成作业b. 用ever和never多用于否定或疑问句中，表示 曾经”或从未等如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never bee n to the Great Wa 我从未去过长城c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语， 如 just,before,up tonow,the past few years 等例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where我以前见过她，但记 不起在哪里见过He has bee n there three times the last few day近几天他去过那里三次了d. 用包括 “现在”在内的时间状语，如 now,today,this morning(month,year,term) 等例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I have n't.今天你见过他吗？我没有How many times have you bee n there this year今 年你去过那里多少次？II 短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。

如： come, go, arrive, reach,hear, close, leave, beg in, start, lose, buy, fall, joi n, die, get u 等但如果要保留表 一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换如：fall asleep (ill) -ebe as)get to know — kno wegi n,(start) — be onopen - be openbuy- haveget up — be updie 宀 be dead go out — be outcome^ be in close — bcelosed arrive —be herejoin — be in, be a名词 finish( end ) — be overleave, move— be awbaoyr,row— keepgo to school —be a stucdaetncth(a cold) — have(a cold)begin to study—studycome back—be back put on — wea或 be on女口： He has been a soldier for three yea哋参军三年了。

His father has bee n dead for two year她父亲去世二年了The film has bee n on for 5 mi nu tes 电影已开始五分钟了We have studied En glish for three years.我们(开始)学英语已三年了 四. 几点注意事项I. have been（to）与 have gone（ to）的区别：have been（to表示 去过某地（现在已经回来了） ”可用于各人称；have gone（to）表示去某地了（说话时某人不在当地） ”常用于第三人称，前者可与 once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能如：They have bee n to Beiji ng twice 他们去过北京两次He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了II .不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式， 已变成一种可以延续的状态， 因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用如： I haven't left here since 1997自. 从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿错） I have received his letter for a month.（对） I haven't received his letter for almost a month.练习一.用si nee和for填空1. two years2. two years ago3.___last month4. 19995. yesterday6. 4 o ' clock7 4 hours8. an hour ago9.___we were children 10. lunch time11. she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.13. I ' ve known him we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese three years.15. She has been away from the city about ten years.16. It ' s about ten years she left the city.二. 单项选择。

1、 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they what's happened to him .A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、 He has been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still3、 Have you met Mr Li ？A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、 The famous writer one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、 —Our country a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even .A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan already in this school for two years .A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it twice .A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see9、 —These farmers have been to the United States .— Really ? When there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone10、 — you ___ your homework yet ?— Yes . I it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、 His father the Party since 1978 .A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12、 —Do you know him well ?— Sure .We friends since ten years ago .A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made13、— How long have you here 。