专四真题语法分析.docx

反义疑问句. 前肯后否，前否后肯陈述句+附加疑问句一疑问部分的主语1. 当陈述句部分的主语是everything, something, nothing等指物的合成词是，疑问句主语用 it.Everything is arranged in a good order, isn't it?1-1当陈述句主语部分是everyone, everybody, somebody, nobody, no one等指人的合成词的时候，疑问句主语在正式语体中用he,非正式语体中用theySomeone has broken the glass, isn't he?No one knows the history of this Museum, do they?2. 当陈述部分是 there be 句式， 附加疑问句的主语也用 there.There's something wrong, isn't there?There used to be a petrol station near the park, ?Answer: didn't there?/ usedn't there?一当陈述句部分的谓语是used to时，疑问句部分用didn't +主语或者usedn't +主语3. 当陈述部分的主语是不定式，动名词，从句或this /that时，疑问句部分的主语通常用it.Seeing is believing, isn't it?This is not as beautiful as that, isn't it?4. 当陈述部分的主语是时不定代词one时，疑问句部分的主语可以用one（正式）或者you（非 正式）One can not survive without water, can you/one?5. -1当陈述句部分是主从复合句，附加疑问句部分一般与主句的主语和谓语动词一致。

If you had come yesterday,you might have seen him, mightn't you?5-2但，当陈述部分的主句是第一人称+think, believe， suppose， suspect， except等结 构是，附加疑问句往往与宾语从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系，但是要注意否定的转 移， I don't think he will arrive here in time,will he?5-3 而该主语为非第一人称时，附加疑问句应与主句一致.（和 5-1 差不多）They don't believe she's an engineer,do they?二 特殊反意疑问句1. 祈使句中的附加问句1-1 “祈使句+附加疑问句”构成的附加疑问句中，疑问句一般用 will you, won't you, would you; 否定的祈使句之后的附加疑问句只可用 will you.Sit down, won't you?Be quiet, would you?Don't move the CD, will you?When you have finished with that video tape, don't forget to put it in my drawer, will you?1-2在以Let's开头的祈使句之后，附加疑问句用shall we.Let's go shopping, shall we?2. 当陈述部分含有以下含有否定意义的词： few little seldomhardly rarely never not no no one nobody nothing none neither,疑问句需要用肯定结构Few people know him, do they?He seldom gives his wife a present, hasn't/doesn't he?3.当陈述句部分带有 “有”含义的动词 have/has/had， 附加疑问句部分既可以用 have/ has/had, 也可以用 do/ does/did, 如果含义不是有，则必须用 do/does/did.You had breakfast, didn't you?He has a good memory, hasn't /doesn't he?4.当陈述部分是 I am 结构，疑问句部分在正式场合用 am I not, 非正式口语中用 aren't I. I'm lat, am I not/ aren't I?5. 陈述部分是I wish句式，表示询问或者征求意见时，疑问句部分用May I?I wish to shake hand with you, may I?6. 陈述句部分含有情态动词时，附加疑问句部分助动词的选择：陈述句部分含有ought to,附加疑问句部分用ought或should.We ought to go there, oughtn't /shouldn't we?陈述句部分含有Used to附加疑问句部分用used或didHe used to smoke forty cigarettes a day, usedn't/didn't he?陈述句部分含有Need/dare附加疑问句部分用need/dare.当dare/ need为实义动词时，疑 问部分用 do/does/did/.He dare not say so, dare he?She doesn't dare to go home alone, dose he?陈述句部分含有must时附加疑问句部分通常用must,但如must作“有必要”解释时，也可 以用needn't,表示一定，肯定推测意义时，也可以根据上下文用其他动词He must have waited here for a long time, hasn't he?You must have to got up late this morning, didn't you?倒装(Inversion)与省略1 完全倒装。

将整个谓语动词或者整个谓语部分都放在主语前面时，称为完全倒装使用完全倒装的情 况有：(1) 以 here, there, now, then, from, out, in , down, up, away, or等副词开头的句子，且谓语 动词都属于表示移动的含义，主语为名词时，如：There followed a long silence.Now come the long-waited guests.From the distance came occasional shots.Out rushed a tiger.注意：如果上述情况中主语为代词，则句子不必倒装如Out he rushed.Here he came.(2) 地点状语置于句首，且主语为名词时此类居中的谓语动词大多都是表示走动或者状态的不及物动词，go, come, stand, sit, lie 等Under the tree sat an old wrinkled man.At the door stood a girl about the same height as mine(3) 表语放在句首以加强语气时，主语要放在be动词后面形成完全倒装。

Below is the blue ocean.(4) 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词，过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒 装Standing t the door is a charming girl.To be carefully considered are the following questions.2 部分倒装 指将助动词置于主语前，谓语其余部分置于主语后是部分倒装下列情况使用部分倒装： (1)否定词及含有否定意义的副词或者词组置于句首时 hardly, scarcely, rarely, little, seldom, nowhere, no sooner...than, hardly/ barely/scarcely... when, not until..., at no time 决不，by nomeans, on no account,决不 in no way, in no case, on no condition, in/under no circumstances等. ---no sooner...than.../ hardly...when引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时,"than"后面的从句 用一般过去时.In no way am I responsible for what has happened.No sooner had the bell rung than the students rushed out of the classroom.(2)以Only修饰状语开头的句子，要部分倒装。

Only last week did they get married.Only if I get a job will I have enough money to get the camera.Only if both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace to be established in this region. 注意:only属于主语的一部分时，不可用倒装结构Only a few people understood his point.⑶以下列副词或者短语开头的句子，句子要部分倒装：so, such, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point.Such was the weather that I could not go out.To such a degree did the story touch me that I took notes of it.(4)句首为 so, nor, neither 等副词，表明前句说明的情况也适用于该句，句子通常要部分倒 装。

He didn't say anything. No/Neither did his assistant. People in Britain rest two days a week. So do Chinese. 注意当so放在句首只是对对方所述的内容表示肯定时，不用倒装 Tom wants to complete the important. So he does.⑸ 虚拟条件句可以省略连词if,把从句中的助动词(were, should/might或had)移至主语 前面，形成部分倒装Had you been here (If you had been) last night, you would have met her.Be any person (If any person be ) guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. Were I you (if I were you) , I would go to look for him.⑹AS和though引导的让步状语从句中通常用倒装结构，把句中的表语，状语，谓语动词 放在句首。

Small as it is, an atom can still be seen. S。