JohnMilton弥尔顿英国文学.ppt

John Milton2021/6/161John Milton（（1608～～1674）） a English poet a scholarly man of letters an official serving under Oliver Cromwell In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poet and a great prose writer.2021/6/162Family education•Father ( John Milton )   a musical composer ;  literature•Private tutorHis Life2021/6/163good education: St. Paul’s School, then Cambridge and got master degreegave up being a clergyman to his father’s country house6 years of private study and poetry writingHis Life2021/6/164His travel on the Continent•1638-1639  A tour to France and Italy •The summer of 1639   Return2021/6/165He met famed scholar Hugo Grotius in Paris, then to Italy. Milton arrived in Florence, where he met with Galileo（（伽利略））. In Rome, he was a guest of Cardinal , and visited the Vatican(梵蒂冈) Library.  Milton‘s tour of Europe was cut short with rumors of impending（（即将发生的）） civil war in England, and he returned home in July 1639. 2021/6/166The Civil War was brewing — King Charles I invaded Scotland in 1639, and the Long Parliament was convened in 1640.  Milton began writing pamphlets on political and religious matters;￿Such as Of Reformation 《《论改革》》, Animadversions 《《批判》》, and Of Prelatical Episcopacy￿《《论主教制》》His First Entry into Political Conflict2021/6/167•Married￿￿three￿￿times•Had￿￿four￿￿children￿￿￿￿•￿strain￿relationships•Mary￿Powell￿￿￿￿￿￿•Desertion•"Milton￿the￿Divorcer"His Marriage 2021/6/168Commonwealth & Restoration•Secretary￿for￿Foreign￿Tongues￿•Hiding,￿brief￿imprisonment•￿Concerned￿with￿the￿social￿￿￿upheavals￿of￿the￿time,￿Milton￿defended￿the￿English￿Commonwealth2021/6/169Lord￿Protector￿Oliver￿Cromwell￿died￿in￿October,￿1658,￿and￿the￿days￿of￿the￿Commonwealth￿were￿coming￿to￿a￿close.￿In￿early￿1659,￿Milton￿published￿A Treatise of Civil Power and￿Ready and Easy Way To Establish a Free Commonwealth. ￿For￿his￿propaganda￿writings,￿Milton￿had￿to￿go￿into￿hiding,￿for￿fear￿of￿retribution￿from￿the￿followers￿of￿King￿Charles￿II.￿In￿early￿autumn,￿Milton￿was￿arrested￿and￿thrown￿in￿prison,￿to￿be￿released￿by￿order￿of￿Parliament￿before￿Christmas.￿ 2021/6/16108 November 1674•Died￿of￿kidney￿failure•Buried￿in￿the￿church￿of￿￿￿￿St￿Giles￿Cripplegate2021/6/1611His works•1.early poetic works •2.the middle prose pamphlets •3.the great poem•4.sonnets2021/6/16121.early poetic works •L‘Allegre 《《快乐的人快乐的人》》•IL Pens eroso (1632) 《《忧思的人忧思的人》》2021/6/16132.1 Works in the Reformation•Areopagitica《《论出版自由论出版自由》》•The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates 《《论国王与官吏的职权论国王与官吏的职权》》 2021/6/16142. 2 Works in Commonwealth period•Defense of the English people 《《为英国人民声辩为英国人民声辩》》•Second defense of the English people 《《再为英国人民声辩再为英国人民声辩》》2021/6/16153.Later Masterpieces•Paradise Lost《《失乐园失乐园》》•Paradise Regained《《复乐园复乐园》》•Samson Agonists 《《力士参孙力士参孙》》2021/6/16164. A handful of sonnets•(1)￿18￿English￿and￿5￿Italian￿sonnets．•(2)￿They￿are￿compact（文体简洁，紧凑）￿and￿well￿organized.•(3)￿The￿language￿is￿simple￿and￿unadorned（不加修饰的）,￿but￿powerful.2021/6/1617To￿Mr.￿Cyriack￿Skinner￿Upon￿his￿BlindnessCyriack,￿this￿three￿years’￿day￿these￿eyes,￿though￿clear,To￿outward￿view,￿of￿blemish￿or￿of￿spot,￿Bereft￿of￿light,￿their￿seeing￿have￿forgot;￿Nor￿to￿their￿idle￿orbs￿doth￿sight￿appearOf￿sun￿or￿moon￿or￿star,￿throughout￿the￿year,Or￿man￿or￿woman.￿Yet￿I￿argue￿notAgainst￿Heaven’s￿hand￿or￿will,￿nor￿bate￿a￿jotOf￿heart￿or￿hope,￿but￿still￿bear￿up￿and￿steerRight￿onward.￿What￿supports￿me,￿dost￿thou￿ask?The￿conscience,￿friend,￿to￿have￿lost￿them￿overpliedIn￿liberty’s￿defence,￿my￿noble￿task,Of￿which￿all￿Europe￿talks￿from￿side￿to￿side.This￿thought￿might￿lead￿me￿through￿the￿world’s￿vain￿maskContent,￿though￿blind,￿had￿I￿no￿better￿guide.2021/6/1618Chinese Translation西里克：三年来尽管我的双眼看来无斑无暇，却被夺去目光——一无用处的眼珠已把视觉遗忘，太阳、月亮和星星都整年不见，男子、妇女的身影也从不出现。

我并不埋怨上天的意志和巨掌，也不让信心和希望受丝毫影响，仍坚持驾着我生命之船冲向前也许你要问：我靠什么来支持？靠良知：朋友；为了捍卫自由，我累坏了眼睛，而这崇高责职，人们口口相传，已响遍了全欧我若没更好向导，能凭这认识眼暗心安地把人间假面看透2021/6/1619Paradise Lost2021/6/1620Brief IntroductionMilton’s masterpiece, the only generally recognized epic since Beowulf, a great epic poem in blank verse, consisting of 12 books.  The story were taken from the Old Testament of Bible: Genesis ￿The main characters are God, Satan, Adam and Eve.2021/6/1621overview•The majority of the poem was written while Milton was blind, and was transcribed for him. •Considered by many scholars to be one of the greatest poems of the English language. •It is renowned（享有声誉的）（享有声誉的） for its intricate（错（错综复杂的）综复杂的） and contradictory composition based on the biblical legend of the imaginary progenitors（祖先）（祖先） of the human race — Adam and Eve, and involves God and his eternal adversary（对手）（对手） Satan in its plot.2021/6/1622Story Paradise Lost is about Adam and Eve--how they came to be created and how they came to lose their place in the Garden of Eden, also called Paradise. It’s the same story you find in the first pages of Genesis（（《《创世纪创世纪》》））, expanded by Milton into a very long, detailed, narrative poem. It also includes the story of the origin of Satan. Originally he was called Lucifer, an angel in heaven who led his followers in a war against God, and was ultimately sent with them to hell. Thirst for revenge led him to cause man’s downfall by turning into a serpent(蛇蛇) and tempting Eve to eat the forbidden fruit.2021/6/1623 God selfish, seated upon a throne with a chorus of angels about him eternally singing his praises. He is cruel and unjust in punishing Satan. His angels are silly, who never think of expressing any opinions of their own. This resembles the court of an absolute monarch.Adam&Eve Embody Milton’s belief in the powers of man, craving for knowledge, denied by God, opens a wide road to intelligent and active life.Main characters2021/6/1624 Santa He is the real hero of the poem. He prefers independence to happy servility, he is the spirit questioning the authority of God, which represents the proud and somber（昏暗的）（昏暗的） political passions of the persecuted Republicans after Restoration. He remains obeyed and admired by those who follow him down to hell. He is feebler（虚弱无力的）（虚弱无力的） in force, superior in nobleness, since he prefers independence to happy servility. He questions the authority of God. He can see no reason why Adam and Eve should not taste the fruit of the tree of knowledge. He represents the spirit of rebellion against unjust authority and tyranny.2021/6/1625 Theme: Fall of Man2021/6/1626The creation of the Earth and Adam & Eve2021/6/1627Satan’s revolt against God 2021/6/1628Satan’s disguise of serpent and temptation2021/6/1629The departure of Adam and EveSatan and his angels being in shape of snake forever2021/6/1630MonarchyV.SParliament•God•a ruler with unlimited power • a selfish despot•cruel and unjust•Satana mixture of evil and goodthe spirit who dares to question the authority of God2021/6/1631Subjectto￿justify￿the￿ways￿of￿God￿to￿man       Two￿Subjects￿to￿praise￿the￿rebellion￿spirit￿against￿the￿despot•From the perspective of religion, Milton was a pious Christian, so he had to justify God.•From the perspective of politics, Milton had revolutionary spirit, and was on the side of the bourgeois, he thought that God is a despot and Satan is a real hero.2021/6/1632Themes Marriage MiltonMilton’s true vision reflects one s true vision reflects one where the husband and wife (in this where the husband and wife (in this instance, Adam and Eve) depend on instance, Adam and Eve) depend on each other and only through each each other and only through each otherother’s differences are able to s differences are able to thrivethrive（兴盛）（兴盛）. While most readers . While most readers believe that Adam and Eve fail believe that Adam and Eve fail because of their fall from paradise, because of their fall from paradise, Milton would argue that the resulting Milton would argue that the resulting strengthening of their love for one strengthening of their love for one another is true victory.another is true victory.2021/6/1633Features of His Works(1)￿Milton￿is￿one￿of￿the￿very￿few￿truly￿great￿English￿writers￿who￿￿is￿also￿a￿prominent￿figure￿in￿politics,￿and￿who￿is￿both￿a￿great￿poet￿and￿an￿important￿prose￿writer.￿The￿two￿most￿essential￿things￿to￿be￿remembered￿about￿him￿are￿his￿Puritanism￿and￿his￿republicanism.￿(2)￿Milton￿wrote￿many￿different￿types￿of￿poetry.￿He￿is￿especially￿a￿great￿master￿of￿blank￿verse.￿He￿learned￿much￿from￿Shakespeare￿and￿first￿used￿blank￿verse￿in￿non-dramatic￿works.￿(3)￿Milton￿is￿a￿great￿stylist.￿He￿is￿famous￿for￿his￿grand￿style￿noted￿for￿its￿dignity￿and￿polish（高贵和优雅）,￿which￿is￿the￿result￿of￿his￿life-long￿classical￿and￿biblical￿study.￿(4)￿Milton￿has￿always￿been￿admired￿for￿his￿sublimity（崇高）of￿thought￿and￿majesty（雄伟）￿of￿expression.2021/6/1634Importance1)￿He￿was￿the￿greatest￿English￿revolutionary￿poet￿of￿￿￿￿￿the￿17th￿century.￿2)￿He￿wrote￿the￿greatest￿epic￿in￿English￿literature,￿￿￿￿￿￿with￿Shakespeare￿—￿￿regarded￿as￿two￿patterns￿of￿￿￿￿￿￿English￿verse.￿3)￿He￿was￿a￿master￿of￿the￿blank￿verse,￿first￿used￿￿￿￿￿￿blank￿verse￿in￿non-dramatic￿works.￿4)￿He￿was￿a￿great￿stylist,￿and￿famous￿for￿his￿￿￿￿￿￿grand￿￿￿style.2021/6/1635AppreciationWith thee conversing I forget all time; 和你谈着，我忘记了一切时间；和你谈着，我忘记了一切时间； All seasons, and their change, all please alike. 所有的时光和它们的变换，同样悦人。

所有的时光和它们的变换，同样悦人 Sweet is the breath of Morn, her rising sweet, 晨风如此甜美，芬芳地拂过晨风如此甜美，芬芳地拂过With charm of earliest birds: pleasant the sun, 伴着晨鸟啾鸣；朝阳如此悦人伴着晨鸟啾鸣；朝阳如此悦人When first on this delightful land he spreads当第一道金光洒向这乐土，当第一道金光洒向这乐土， His orient beams, on herb, tree, fruit, and flower, 草树果花，朝露晶莹；草树果花，朝露晶莹； Glistering with dew; fragrant the fertile earth 濛濛雨后，沃土芬芳；濛濛雨后，沃土芬芳； After soft showers; and sweet the coming on 甜蜜随即而来，怡人的黄昏温柔；甜蜜随即而来，怡人的黄昏温柔；2021/6/1636Of grateful Evening mild; then silent Night, With this her solemn bird, and this fair moon, 静夜来临，百鸟沉寂，月华如水，静夜来临，百鸟沉寂，月华如水，And these the gems of Heaven, her starry train:天上的宝石，缀星的裙裾：天上的宝石，缀星的裙裾： But neither breath of Morn, when she ascends with charm of earliest birds; nor rising sun on this delightful land; 但纵是鸟儿啾鸣中拂起的晨风，乐土上升起的煦日，但纵是鸟儿啾鸣中拂起的晨风，乐土上升起的煦日，nor herb, fruit, flower, glistering with dew; nor fragrance after showers; 纵是露珠晶莹的草，果，花纵是露珠晶莹的草，果，花Nor grateful Evening mild; nor silent Night, 雨后的芬芳，怡人的温柔黄昏雨后的芬芳，怡人的温柔黄昏With this her solemn bird, nor walk by moon, 纵是百鸟沉寂的静夜，月下的漫步纵是百鸟沉寂的静夜，月下的漫步Or glittering star-light, without thee is sweet. 或闪烁的星光，没有你，什么都不甜蜜。

或闪烁的星光，没有你，什么都不甜蜜2021/6/1637 结束语结束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！。