Annexes 1 to 18 International Civil Aviation （附件1 18国际民用航空）.pdf

The Convention on International Civil AviationAnnexes 1 to 18International Civil Aviation OrganizationAnnex 1 Personnel LicensingAnnex 2 Rules of the AirAnnex 3 Meteorological Service for International Air NavigationAnnex 4 Aeronautical ChartsAnnex 5 Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground OperationsAnnex 6 Operation of AircraftAnnex 7 Aircraft Nationality and Registration MarksAnnex 8 Airworthiness of AircraftAnnex 9 FacilitationAnnex 10 Aeronautical TelecommunicationsAnnex 11 Air Traffic ServicesAnnex 12 Search and RescueAnnex 13 Aircraft Accident and Incident InvestigationAnnex 14 AerodromesAnnex 15 Aeronautical Information ServicesAnnex 16 Environmental ProtectionAnnex 17 Security: Safeguarding International Civil Aviation Against Acts of UnlawfulInterferenceAnnex 18 The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by AirANNEX 1to the Convention on International Civil AviationPersonnel LicensingAs long as air travel cannot do without pilots and other air and ground personnel, their competence, skills and trainingwill remain the essential guarantee for efficient and safe operations. Adequate personnel training and licensing alsoinstill confidence between States, leading to international recognition and acceptance of personnel qualifications andlicences and greater trust in aviation on the part of the traveller.Standards and Recommended Practices for the licensing of flight crew members (pilots, flight engineers and flightnavigators), air traffic controllers, aeronautical station operators, maintenance technicians and flight dispatchers , areprovided by Annex 1 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. Related training manuals provide guidance toStates for the scope and depth of training curricula which will ensure that the confidence in safe air navigation, asintended by the Convention and Annex 1, is maintained. These training manuals also provide guidance for the trainingof other aviation personnel such as aerodrome emergency crews, flight operations officers, radio operators andindividuals involved in other related disciplines.Today's aircraft operations are so diverse and complex that protection must be provided against the possibility, howeverremote, of total system breakdown due to either human error or failure of a system component. The human being is the vital link in the chain of aircraft operations but is also by nature the most flexible and variable.Proper training is necessary so as to minimize human error and provide able, skilful, proficient and competent personnel.Annex 1 and ICAO training manuals describe the skills necessary to build proficiency at various jobs, therebycontributing to occupational competency. The medical standards of the Annex, in requiring periodic healthexaminations, serve as an early warning for possible incapacitating medical conditions and contribute to the generalhealth of flight crews and controllers.The Human Factors programme addresses known human capabilities and limitations, providing States with basicinformation on this vital subject as well as the material necessary to design proper training programmes. ICAO'sobjective is to improve safety in aviation by making States more aware of, and responsive to, the importance of humanfactors in civil aviation operations. Licensing is the act of authorizing defined activities which should otherwise be prohibited due to the potentially seriousresults of such activities being performed improperly. An applicant for a licence must meet certain stated requirementsproportional to the complexities of the task to be performed. The licensing examination serves as a regular test ofphysical fitness and performance ensuring independent control. As such, training and licensing together are critical forthe achievement of overall competency.One of ICAO’s main tasks in the field of personnel licensing is to foster the resolution of differences in licensingrequirements and to ensure that international licensing standards are kept in line with current practices and probablefuture developments. This is ever more crucial as the flight crew will be exposed to increasing traffic density andairspace congestion, highly complicated terminal area patterns and more sophisticated equipment. To accomplish thistask, Annex I is regularly amended to reflect the rapidly changing environment.ANNEX 2to the Convention on International Civil AviationRules of the AirAir travel must be safe and efficient; this requires, among other things, a set of internationally agreed rules of the air.The rules developed by ICAO - which consist of general rules, visual flight rules and instrument flight rules containedin Annex 2 - apply without exception over the high seas, and over national territories to the extent that they do notconflict with the rules of the State being overflown. The pilot-in-command of an aircraft is responsible for compliancewith the rules of the air.An aircraft must be flown in accordance with the general rules and eithe。