关于意识的广义超元论诠释.doc

126关于意识的广义超元论诠释何 跃（山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心，重庆大学贸易与行政学院）Consciousness’ Meaning of Generalized Transcend TheoryHe YueCenter for Philosophy of Science and Technology, Shanxi University内容提要：在广义超元论的视野范围内，与人类意识相关的概念有三个：现象性人类意识、本体性人类意识和非人类意识前者是指可以被指称和形下学描述言说的对象性人类意识，是意识人类在反思自身意识行为的基础上如此这般显现、设定、建构、创造出来的经验性主观现实世界；中者是指可以被指称和形上学描述言说的对象性人类意识，是意识人类在不断向内求索并成功实现了对现象性人类意识的突破的基础上，如此这般设定、建构、创造出来的超验性主观现实世界；后者是指不可以被指称和描述言说，因而是对于意识人类没有实际意义的、非对象性的人类意识对象性的人类意识原本不存在，它依赖于自己和自己所显现、设定、建构、生产、创造出来的人的世界而存在；非对象性的人类意识，即非人类意识同样原本不存在，它是意识人类为了实现究竟解脱而设定出来的依赖于自己和人的世界而存在的非实有或非现实存在，是意识人类不能启动意识的、 “什么都不是”的“空空”境界、 “无一物”境界或超形上学境界。

在一定意义上，可以说，本体性人类意识是现象性人类意识的本来面目，非人类意识是现象性人类意识、本体性人类意识的本来面目，但是，它们彼此之间“虽有分，而实不二”或者说不可以被割裂为两片在现象性人类意识、本体性人类意识和非人类意识三个概念之中，对于人类而言最有现实意义的是现象性人类意识根据目前学术界的观点，现象性人类意识大致由潜意识、前意识和意识三部分组成我们认为：潜意识、前意识和意识三者之间“虽有分，而实不二” ；意识与行为之间“虽有分，而实不二” 我们坚持认为，没有不以意识作为其根据的行为，也没有不表现为某种行为的意识，行为完整地表现意识，意识则以不同的行为方式尽显于人体内外人类自觉意识-行为世界是由意识人类显现、设定、建构、创造出来的自觉意识- 行为或有意识活动组成的人的世界依据不同的标准可以将人类的自觉意识-行为或有意识活动划分为不同的类型 （1）依据与人的世界不同的关系，可以将人类自觉意识-行为或有意识活动划分为以下十种类型：显现活动，设定活动，建构活动，生产或制造活动，创造活动，直觉、证悟活动，推论、猜测活动，感知活动，指称和指示活动，描述言说活动其中，描述言说活动又分为：依据对象物的不同，可以将描述言说活动划分为：针对本体世界或本体性对象物的形上学描述言说，和针对现象世界或现象性对象物的形下学描述言说。

其中形下学描述言说又可进一步划分为主要针对未知现象世界或未知现象的想象性描述言说，主要针对神秘现象世界或神秘现象的唯象性描述言127说，以及主要针对已知现象世界或已知现象的实证性描述言说 （2）依据所代表的对象的不同，可以将人类自觉意识-行为划分为以下三类：个体自觉意识 -行为，即通过意识个体表现出来的代表意识个体自己的意志、愿望、情感的自觉意识-行为或有意识活动；群体自觉意识- 行为，即通过每个群体成员表现出来的，代表群体意志、愿望、情感的意识活动或自觉意识-行为；组织自觉意识-行为，即通过每个组织成员表现出来的，代表组织意志、愿望、情感的意识活动或自觉意识-行为关键词： 广义超元论 人类意识Abstract：In the view range of Generalized Transcendent Theory, there exist three concepts related to human consciousness: phenomenological human-consciousness, ontological human consciousness and non-human consciousness. The former refers to objective human consciousness that can be designated and under-metaphysical described, also being the empirical subjective actual world that be manifested, set, constructed, created which based on self-examine conscious behavior of conscious human-being. The middle refers to objective human consciousness that can be designated and metaphysically described, which based on constantly seeking inner world and the successful breakthrough in the phenomenological human-consciousness. The latter refers to human-consciousness that can not be designated and described; therefore it is such a human-consciousness that non-practical and non-objective for human being. Objective human consciousness does not exist originally, its existence relies on itself and the human world that manifested、set、constructed 、produced and created by itself . Non-objective human being, namely non-human consciousness, does not exist originally either; it is the non-real exists that relied on oneself and the human world which set by conscious human being in order to get to the freedom world. it is the “nothingness” (Sunya,Buddhism) (“空空 ”) or super-metaphysics realm which conscious human-being can not inspire consciousness. In a certain sense, ontological human consciousness is the true feature of phenomenological human-consciousness, and non-human-consciousness is the true feature of phenomenological human-consciousness and ontological human-consciousness. But they are “although departed ,but actually not two ”(“虽有分而实不二”)or can not be cut apart of each other.Among the three concepts of phenomenological human-consciousness, ontological human-consciousness and non-human consciousness. Phenomenological human-consciousness is most practical for human being according to the standpoint of current academic circle, phenomenological human approximately consist of unconsciousness, pre-consciousness and consciousness. We hold that “although departed ,but actually not two ”(“虽有分而实不二”)among unconsciousness、pre-consciousness and consciousness. And such a relation between consciousness and behavior. We insist that there doesn’t exist behavior not based on consciousness, and it doesn’t exist consciousness not presenting certain behavior either. Behavior manifests consciousness completely, while consciousness manifests itself completely inside and outside through different ways of behavior.Human self-consciousness-behavior world is the human world made up of self- consciousness-behavior or conscious activity, which is manifested, set, constructed, created by 128conscious human being. According to different standards, human self-consciousness-behavior or conscious activity can be divided into different types: (1)In terms of the different relations with human world, human self-consciousness behavior or conscious activity can be divided into ten types as follows: activities of manifestation, set, construction, production or manufacture, creation, intuition, verification and realization, deduction, surmise，perception, designation and description, description. Among these, description activity can be divided further into two parts by the differences of the objects: metaphysics description which aims at ontology-world or ontological object and under-metaphysical description which。