管理统计学.pdf

Problem ObjectivesA GUIDE TO STATISTICAL TECHNIQUESDescribe a PopulationHistogram Section 3.1Ogive Section 3.1Stem-and-leaf Section 3.1Line chart Section 3.2Mean, median, and mode Section 4.1Range, variance, and standard deviation Section 4.2ion 4.2Percentiles and quartiles Section 4.3Box plot Section 4.3t-testandestimatorofamean Section 12.1Chi-squared test and estimator of a variance Section 12.2Frequency distribution Section 2.2Bar chart Section 2.2Pie chart Section 2.2z-test and estimator of a proportion Section 12.3Chi-squared goodness-of- fit test Section 15.1Median Section 4.1Percentiles and quartiles Section 4.3Box plot Section 4.3Compare Two PopulationsEqual-variances t-test and estimator of the difference between two means: independent samples Section 13.1Unequal-variances t-test and estimator of the difference between two means: independent samples Section 13.1t-test and estimator of mean difference Section 13.3F-test and estimator of ratio of two variances Section 13.4z-test and estimator of the difference between two proportions Section 13.5Chi-squared test of a contingency table Section 15.2Compare Two or More PopulationsOne-way analysis of variance Section 14.1LSD multiple comparison method Section 14.2Tukey’s multiple comparison method Section 14.2Two-way analysis of variance Section 14.4Two-factor analysis of variance Section 14.5Chi-squared test of a contingency table Section 15.2Analyze Relationship between Two VariablesScatter diagram Section 3.3Covariance Section 4.4Coefficient of correlation Section 4.4Coefficient of determination Section 4.4Least squares line Section 4.4Simple linear regression and correlation Chapter 16Chi-squared test of a contingency table Section 15.2DATA TYPESOrdinalNominalIntervalAnalyze Relationship among Two or More VariablesMultiple regression Chapter 17Not coveredNot coveredIFC-Abbreviated.qxd 11/22/10 7:03 PM Page 2AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION SURVEY AND GENERAL SOCIAL SURVEY EXERCISESChapterANESPageGSSPage22.34–2.3731 33.62–3.67823.25–3.2864 3.68–3.7182 44.37–4.381174.39117 4.58–4.601264.61–4.62126 4.861444.84–4.85144 1212.51–12.5341312.46–12.50413 12.116–12.12343512.103–12.115434 1313.42–13.4447213.38–13.41472 13.7348813.70–13.72488 13.123–13.12551213.113–13.122511 A13.27–A13.30524A13.18–A13.126523 1414.27–14.3254314.21–14.26542 14.47–14.5055314.43–14.46552 14.66–14.67563 A14.23–A14.25594A14.19–A14.22594 1515.1760415.18–15.21604 15.43–15.4661515.39–15.42614 A15.25–A15.28631A15.17–A15.24630 1616.45–16.4966516.50–16.53666 16.73–16.7667116.77–16.80671 A16.27–A16.28689A16.17–A16.26689 1717.21–17.2271317.16–17.20712 A17.27–A17.28734A17.17–A17.26733APPLICATION SECTIONSSection 4.5(Optional) Application in Professional Sports Management: Determinants of the Number of Wins in a Baseball Season (illustrating an application of the least squares method and correlation)144Section 4.6(Optional) Application in Finance: Market Model (illustrating using a least squares lines and coefficient of determination to estimate a stock’s market-related risk and its firm-specific risk)147Section 7.3(Optional) Application in Finance: Portfolio Diversification and Asset Allocation (illustrating the laws of expected value and variance and covariance)237Section 12.4(Optional) Application in Marketing: Market Segmentation (using inference about a proportion to estimate the size of a market segment)435Section 14.6(Optional) Application in Operations Management: Finding and Reducing Variation (using analysis of variance to actively experiment to find sources of variation)578APPLICATION SUBSECTIONSection 6.4(Optional) Application in Medicine and Medical Insurance: Medical Screening (using Bayes’s Law to calculate probabilities after a screening test)199IFC-Abbreviated.qxd 11/22/10 7:03 PM Page 3StatisticsFOR MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS ABBREVIATEDAbb_FM.qxd 11/23/10 12:33 AM Page ivii1What is Statistics? 12Graphical Descriptive Techniques I 113Graphical Descriptive Techniques II 434Numerical Descriptive Techniques 975Data Collection and Sampling 1616Probability 1757Random Variables and Discrete Probability Distributions 2178Continuous Probability Distributions 2639Sampling Distributions 30710Introduction to Estimation 33511Introduction to Hypothesis Testing 36012Inference about a Population 39813Inference about Comparing Two Populations 44814Analysis of Variance 52515Chi-Squared Tests 59616Simple Linear Regression and Correlation 63317Multiple Regression 692Appendix AData File Sample Statistics A-1Appendix BTables B-1Appendix CAnswers to Selected Even-Numbered Exercises C-1Index I-1Brief CONTENTSAbb_FM.qxd 11/23/10 12:33 AM Page vii1What Is Statistics? 1Introduction 1 1.1Key Statistical Concepts 5 1.2Statistical Applications in Business 6 1.3Large Real Data Sets 6 1.4Statistics and the Computer 72Graphical Descriptive Techniques I 11Introduction 12 2.1Types of Data and Information 13 2.2Describing a Set of Nominal D。