初中英语句型转换教案.docx

句型转换　　每年的中考试卷中，“句型转换”题所占分值较大，是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇(同义或反义)、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力　　Ⅰ.题型介绍　　所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A，再根据括号内的要求(有时没有明确，须自己观察)，在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换　　Ⅱ.题型分类　　从形式上看，有如下几种形式：①某一词或词组的转换;②词组与句子的转换;③同义句型的转换;④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目　　从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：①句子功能方面的转换包括陈述句(肯定与否定)、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换;②句子结构方面的转换即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换;③语态的转换即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换;④常用句型与词汇手段的转换　　Ⅲ.具体分类如下　　一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换　　1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用not来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等，例如：：　　A：Tom does well in maths.　　B：Tom doesnt do in maths.　　A：He has much to do.　　B：He has nothing to do.　　A：All of my classmates like art.　　B：None of my classmates likes art.　　2、改为疑问句。

根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句例如：　　A：My brother often has breakfast at school.　　B： Does your brother often have breakfast at school?　　A：Toms already weak in English.　　B：Toms already weak in English, isnt he ?　　A：The red light changes every two minutes.　　B：How often does the red light change?　　3、改为感叹句根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如：　　A：This is an interesting book.　　B：What an interesting book this is!　　或 How interesting this book is!　　二、同义句转换　　根据上句，写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：　　1、同义词或词组之间的转换。

通常上下句时态保持一致)　　常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”(spend-take-cost-take);(2)三个“到达”(get to-reach-arrive in/at);(3)四个“收到…来信”(hear from-get a letter from-receive a letter from-have a letter from);(4)两个“擅长于…”(be good at -do well in);(5)两个“有空”(be free-have time);(6)三个“入睡”(go to sleep-get to sleep-fall asleep);(7)两个“玩得开心”(enjoy oneself-have a good time);(8)“给…打”(call sb-telephone sb-ring sb. a call-make a telephone to sb.)(9)“飞往…”(fly to…-go to…by air/plane)(10)“自学”(teach oneself-learn…by oneself)(11)在…方面帮助help…with…-help… (to)do…(12)在…差be weak in…-do badly in…(13)能/会…can-be able to(14)更喜欢…like…better than…-prefer…to…(15)充满了…be full of…-be filled with…(16)放弃干…give up doing…-stop doing…(17)不再… no longer-not …any longer(18)照顾/保管 take care of…-look after(19)展览 on show-on display(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing-keep/prevent…from doing…(21)由于 thanks to-because of…(22)举手hands up-put up ones hands(23)最后，终于at last-in the end(24)与…不同 be different from…-be not the same as…(25)从…借入… borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go to…by bus/train/taxi-take a bus /train/taxi to…(27)乘自行车去… go to…by bike-ride a bike to…(28)为…感到自豪 be proud of…-be the pride of…(29)步行去… walk to…-go to…on foot (30)独自地by oneself -alone等。

例如：　　A：The children had a good time in the park.　　B：The children enjoyed themselves in the park.　　2、同义句型之间的转化常见的同义句型有①It seems that 从句→Somebody seems(to be)+adj/n ②Its kind of sb. to do…→Somebody is kind to do… ③What does…mean?→What do you mean by…? 或Whats the meaning of…?④There is something wrong with…→Something is wrong with… ⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换 ⑥Whats wrong with…?→Whats the matter with…? ⑦How is…?→Whats…like…?⑧How do you like…?→What do you think of?⑧Its time that…→Its time for sb. to do…⑨Its said that…→People say that…⑩Can I help you? →What can I do for you?　　例如：　　A：I went to bed after I finished my homework.　　B：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.　　3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。

例如：　　A：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, theyll go to the park.　　B：Unless it rains tomorrow, theyll go to the park.　　A：If you dont hurry, youll be late.　　B：Hurry up, or youll be late.　　A：Fish cant live if there is no water.　　B：Fish cant live without water.　　4、现在完成时态中的一句多译在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词常见的动词转换有：buy-have, borrow-keep, die-be dead, open-be open, join-be in+组织/be a +成员, begin-be on, leave-be away from, close-be closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go to-be in/at, finsh-be over, go to sleep-be asleep，get up-be up.　　例如：The old man died five months ago.　　The old man has been dead since five months ago.　　The old man has been dead for five months.　　Its five months since the old man died.　　Five months has passed since the old man died.　　5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。

　　①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换例如：　　A：I saw they were playing football on the playground.　　B：I saw them playing football on the playground.　　A：The teacher found that she was very clever.　　B：The teacher found her very clever.　　A：He found that it was hard to learn English well.　　B：He found it hard to learn English well.　　A：We are sure that we will win to first match.　　B：We are sure to win to first match.　　由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构例如：　　A：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?　　B：Could you tell me how to get to the railway station?　　A：We dont know what we should do next.　　B：We dont know what to do next.　　②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing…　　例如：　　A：They went home after they finished their work.　　B：The 。