印度等级制度.docx

在印度，有80%以上的人信仰印度教印度教把人分为高低尊卑4种不同的种姓不同种 姓之间不能通婚，有的甚至不能在一起吃饭、同饮一口井里的水最高种姓为婆罗门，主要从 事文化教育和祭祀；最低种姓为首陀罗，从事各种简单的苦力活第二和第三种姓分别称为刹 帝利和吠舍，分别从事行政管理、打仗和经商活动等除此之外，印度教中还有另外一部分人 被称为“不可接触者”，即贱民，地位最低，被称为第五种姓罗希汗•拉尔是前几年毕业于印度北方邦库姆恩大学的一名经济学研究生毕业后，他来到 印首都新德里打工他在一家饭店擦地打扫卫生凭他的学历和能力完全可以当一名饭店白领 管理人员或财会人员，然而，由于他属于第五种姓——贱民，即“不可接触者”，不得不干那种 又脏又累的活印度媒体常有关于青年男女谈恋爱，仅仅因为种姓不同而活活被打死、烧死的 报道普拉卜和吉塔便是其中一例他们在一个中学学习，他们种姓不同，但共同的兴趣、爱 好把两人紧紧地连在一起家长和村民们一再警告和威胁他们，要他们尽快分手，以免酿成悲 剧，但他们还是偷偷结了婚，一起逃离家乡村民们为他们的叛逆而恼怒于是，村里派了一 大批强壮打手到处寻找，终于从外邦一个偏僻的地方找到了他们。

这对年轻人被强行捆绑，押 送回乡愤怒的家长和村民们手拿石块纷纷向他们砸去，一对有情人就这样死在了乡亲的手下 印低种姓人民为了改变其受歧视的地位，先后进行过多次反抗斗争1931年，印度国父圣雄甘 地为争取改善“贱民”权利曾展开过绝食斗争1947年，印独立后，政府为改善低种姓地位和 生活状况做了大量工作1948年国会曾通过一项废除种姓制度的议案后来，在宪法中也作了 保护低种姓利益的法律规定HINDUISM (The world's third largest religion)Hinduism differs from Christianity and other Western religions in that it does not have a single founder, a specific theological system, a single system of morality, or a central religious organization. It consists of '"thousands of different religious groups that have evolved in India since 1500 BCE.” 1 Hinduism has grown to become the world's third largest religion, after Christianity and Islam. It claims about 837 million followers - 13% of the world's population. 2 It is the dominant religion in India, Nepal, and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka. According to the " Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches,' there are about 1.1 million Hindus in the U.S. 3 The '"American Religious Identification Survey^ is believed to be more accurate. 4 They estimated smaller number: 766,000 Hindus in 2001. Still, this is a very significant increase from 227,000 in 1990. Statistics Canada estimates that there are about 157,015 Hindus in Canada. 5 Hinduism is generally regarded as the world's oldest organized religion.The Indian caste system has been in use for many years. Still today the values of the caste system are held strongly. It has kept a sense of order, and peace among the people. There are five different levels of the system: Brahman, Kshatriya , Vaishya, Shudra, and Harijans. Within each of these categories are the actual "castes" or jatis within which people are born, marry, and die. They all have their own place among each other and accept that it is the way to keep society from disintegrating to chaos. This system has worked well for Indian people and still has a major role in modern India.。