学术英语医学Unit4.ppt
86页
学术英语学术英语 医学医学Academic English for Medicine Unit 4Alternative MedicineWhen you are ill but failed by conventional treatments or suffering chronic conditions, you may try some traditional or alternative therapies as the last resort. What are the merits of such practices? How are they viewed by researchers in the West? This unit reviews the use of these therapies in the U.S., and discusses the development of integrative medicine in the future. Unit 4 Alternative medicineUnit ContentsLead-inText AText BText CListeningSpeakingWritingGet reading for Unit 5 Lead-in•Issues to be covered•Suggested answers Unit 4 Alternative medicine Lead-inIssues to be covered 1. Complementary and alternative medicine2. What traditional or alternative therapies can and cannot do 3. The status quo of traditional medicine practices in Western countriesUnit 4 Alternative medicine Lead-inSuggested answers1.massage2.acupuncture3.hypnosis4.auscultation5.interrogation6.pulse-taking7.meditation8.qigong9.dietetic therapy10.yogaA.听诊法B.气功C.推拿D.食疗E.瑜伽术F.问诊G.冥想H.催眠术I.针灸J.切脉Task work in pairs and match the English terms for some unconventional medical practices in column A with their Chinese equivalents in Column B. Then choose one of these practices, and explain to your partner how it works(or does not work) according to your knowledge and experience.Column AColumn BCHIFAGEDBJUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A•Criticalreadingandthinking–Topicsforpresentation–Usefulexpressions–Difficultsentences•Languagebuilding-up–Signpostlanguage–Vocabularytest•SuggestedanswersUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation1Giveabriefexplanationofthetwoconcepts:complementarymedicineandalternativemedicine.National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)CAM: a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicineComplementary medicine : use of CAM together with conventional medicineAlternative medicine: use of CAM in place of conventional medicineUnit 4 Alternative medicine 2TowhatextentdoyouagreewiththeauthorsopinionontraditionalChinesemedicinebeing“affordable,lowtech,safeandeffective”?Topics for presentationText A Critical reading and thinkingFacilities: simple, inexpensive Technology: needles, cups, coinsMost procedures and operations: noninvasive The substances used as medicine: indeed all natural, from nature, raw herbs or abstracts from themEffectiveness: proven and ensured with a long historyThe theories and practices: new light shed with ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai ChiUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Topics for presentation3Summarizetheclinicalusesofacupuncture.Critical reading and thinkingAn adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program forpost-operative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomitingpost-operative dental painaddictionstroke rehabilitationheadachemenstrual crampstennis elbowfibromyalgiamyofascial painosteoarthritislow back paincarpal tunnel syndromeand asthmaUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Topics for presentation4 Do you think the author is overoptimistic inpredicting a wider future use of acupuncture in theUS?•Moreintense____________•Higher_________________•Greater___________________•Stronger________________•Anincreasingnumberof______________________Critical reading and thinkingresearchadoption of acupunctureinterest by stakeholderspush for coveragephysician acupuncturistsUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Topics for presentation4 Do you think the author is overoptimistic inpredicting a wider future use of acupuncture in theUS?•Research:TCMframeworkVSBiomedicalModalityFutureclinicaltrialsthattestacupuncturewithintheframeworkoftraditionalChinesemedicinearelikelytoprovideamoreappropriateandclinicallymeaningfulassessmentofacupunctureefficacythanthecurrentgenerationofclinicaltrialswhichuseadiagnosisframedprimarilyinbiomedicaltermsCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Topics for presentation4 Do you think the author is overoptimistic inpredicting a wider future use of acupuncture in theUS?•Research:TherighttracktofollowUnlikedrugs,acupunctureismoreakintosurgeryandphysicaltherapyintermsoftherapeuticmodalities.Forthetimebeing,evidencebasedonlargecaseseriesshouldbeconsideredindeterminingrecommendationsforclinicalpractice.•Adoption/Use-Provenusefulinadditionalareas-Usednotonlyfortreatmentbutalsoforpreventionandpromotionofwellness-ExplorationandperfectiontobecontinuedCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Topics for presentation4 Do you think the author is overoptimistic inpredicting a wider future use of acupuncture in theUS?Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine 5Explain how inappropriate uses of herbs may result in complications. Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinking•Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance -Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient -Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulas•Digression from either of the above conditions, misuses of herbs, will result in complications in patientUnit 4 Alternative medicine 6Various approaches to herbal study are mentioned in the text. Pick one to discuss the advantages and limitations. Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingrandomized controlled trialsquasi-experimentscohort studiescase-control studies“N=1” trialsUnit 4 Alternative medicine 7. What are the difficulties in investigating herbal therapies?Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingDependence of synthesis of evidence on-The completeness of the literature search (Unavailable for foreign studies)-The accuracy of evaluationNo answers to be found for the questions of interestRequirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”Unit 4 Alternative medicine 8.What are the factors to consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingAssessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in societyResearch and education Political, economic and social factorsUnit 4 Alternative medicine 8.What are the factors to consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingTwo Approaches in Contrast Unit 4 Alternative medicine 8.What are the factors to consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingTwo Approaches in InteractionUnit 4 Alternative medicine 8.What are the factors to consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingcombineintegratemergerblendcomplimentharmonize…Make your final comments Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Useful expressions•… Panel conservatively recommended that acupuncture may be used as an adjunct treatment…•The panel ascertained that acupuncture can be used to treat …•It is also recommended as an adjunct treatment or…Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Useful expressions•When appropriately prepared and used, herbs can be safe and effective.•Clinical research methodologists should take the theoretical construct and clinical approach of TCM into consideration when designing trials.•Research designs such as randomized controlled trials26 have advantages and disadvantages in determining the efficacy of any therapeutic intervention, and can be carried out for botanicals, as seen by a study on herbal formulas for irritable bowel syndrome.Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Useful expressions•It is essential that researchers and practitioners be educated in both traditional and western medicines in order to perform research appropriately and treat patients effectively.Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Difficult Sentences•Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM. 全世界有关针灸、草药、按摩和太极拳的持续研究已阐明了中医的有些理论和实践。
Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine For the time being, evidence based on large case series should be considered in determining recommendations for clinical practice while evidence derived from more vigorous research designs is being carried out. (Para. 4)尽管来自更有力研究设计的证据源源不断，目前，在确定推荐何种临床操作时，应该考虑基于大规模病例系列研究所取得的证据Text A Difficult SentencesCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Difficult Sentences•The synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on the completeness of the literature search, which is often not available for foreign studies, as well as the accuracy of evaluation. (Para. 10)综合证据除了取决于评估的准确性之外，则完全取决于对文献进行彻底检索，而国外研究的相关文献通常无法获取。
Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Difficult Sentences• Consensus in the real world of health care often requires using information that is less stringent than so-called hard data. (Para.10)现实中，卫生保健界的共识是利用的信息与所谓的硬指标比需要降低标准Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Difficult Sentences•On the clinical level, blending involves the integration of the concepts and techniques of the two systems -- modern medicine’s analytical, quantitative, mechanistic approach with the systemic, holistic, individualistic approach of TCM. (Para. 12) 从临床的层面讲，融合就是把两个体系的概念和技术相互结合，即把现代医学所采用的分析、定量及机械的方法和中医所用的系统、整体及个体化的方法相结合。
Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Difficult Sentences•As our graying society falls victim to an increasing number of chronic illnesses… (Para. 12) 当我们的老龄化社会日益遭受慢性病侵扰之时…… Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Language Building-up Signpost Language Comparison Contrastsimilarlylikewisebothsameand alsoresembleparallelsnor comparablesimilar toin the same mannerin the same wayon the other handin/by contrasthoweverwhilewhereasalthoughneverthelessdifferentunlikeinstead (of)converselyrather thanas opposed tosome…while othersIn comparison and contrast essays, some special words and expressions are often used to signal comparisons and contrasts. Here are some signals and clue words. Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Language Building-up Vocabulary Test___________medicine(补充医学)__________medicine (替代医学)a medical __________(医疗模式)__________and herbs(针灸和草药)__________treatment(辅助治疗)__________and vomiting(恶心，呕吐)__________dental pain (术后牙痛)__________trails(临床试验)__________therapy(物理疗法，理疗)__________modalities(治疗方法)a therapeutic________(治疗干预)Unit 4 Alternative medicinecomplementaryalternativeparadigmacupunctureadjunctnauseapost-operativeclinicalphysical therapeuticintervention Text A Language Building-up Vocabulary Testresearch__________(研究设计)magnetic ___________(磁共振)positron ___________tomography(正电子发射型计算机断层成像)__________effect (止痛效果)biomedical __________(生物医学界)__________unit(康复中心)__________acupuncturist(持照针灸师)therapeutic___________(治疗策略)herbal__________(草药配方)a wide __________ of complications(各式各样的并发症)__________East-West medicine(中西医结合)Unit 4 Alternative medicinedesignstrategiesformulasarrayintegrativeresonanceanalgesiaestablishmentrehabilitationlicensed emission Text A Suggested answersTask 1 complete the following diagram that shows the outline of the text.Critical reading and thinkingIntroduction (Paras.1-2)Heightened patient demand of and growing interest in alternative medicineIntegrating various factors and different styles of medical systemEnding (Paras.11-12)Examples (Paras.3-10)AcupunctureHarmonizing TCM and Modern Western MedicineHerbs•Background information (P8)•Appropriate research designs (P9)•Pointers for clinical practice (P10) •Recommended uses (P3) •Need for more appropriate assessments (P4)•Current research efforts and potential benefits (P5)•Future development in the US (P6-P7)Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Task 1/ Medical terminology Match each definition with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.EnglishChinese Definition1of or relating to the stomach and intestine2after operation3a disease which causes pain and stiffness in the joints4a disease primarily indicated by noticeable, extensive pain in muscles, tendons, joints, and soft tissues.5of, relating to, or for the teethgastrointestinal胃肠道的手术后的post-operative骨关节炎osteoarthritisfibromyalgia纤维肌痛dental牙的Suggested answersLanguage building-up2Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text A EnglishChinese Definition6absence of sensibility to pain7sectional imaging8the oriental art of inserting fine needles into various parts of the body to treat certain types of disorders9of, relating to, or involving the heart and blood vessels10the study of the effects of time and rhythmical phenomena on life processescardiovascular心血管的analgesia止痛tomographyX线断层摄影（术）acupuncture针刺疗法chronobiology生物钟学Task1 / Medical terminologyMatch each definition with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.Suggested answers2Language building-upUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Task 2 / Signpost language The following sentences are taken from the first four units in this book. All the signpost languages indicating comparison and contrast have been removed. Complete the sentences and then compare your answers with the original sentences in the texts. 1 ______drugs, acupuncture is more _____ to surgery and physical therapy in terms of therapeutic modalities. (Text A, Unit 4)2 Hence, the evaluation of evidence for efficacy in acupuncture ought to be _______ to these therapeutic interventions. (Text A, Unit 4)3 Lists may help public authorities focus their attention, _______their value is limited. (Text A, Unit 2)4 Flu _______changes its coat and in turn its level of virulence. (Text A, Unit 2)5 Amazingly, conditions in some American cities have deteriorated to __________ levels. (Text A, Unit 2)Language building-upSuggested answersUnlikeakinsimilarbutlikewisecomparableUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Task 2 / Signpost language The following sentences are taken from the first four units in this book. All the signpost languages indicating comparison and contrast have been removed. Complete the sentences and then compare your answers with the original sentences in the texts. 6 A slightly warmer climate combined with deteriorating cities could also enable various diseases that seem exotic today… to come back. Dengue fever could ________become familiar. (Text A, Unit 2)7These rates are ___________to high-incidence countries in North Africa and Asia. (Text B, Unit 2)8The medical literature didn’t have that information, ______ did the registered dietitians with whom I consulted, _______ did I see in the food science literature. (Text B, Unit 2)9When her husband held her hand, she not only felt calm,_______ her brain circuitry quieted, revealing the biology of emotional rescue. (Text B, Unit 2)10Some studies suggest that the soy isoflavone supplements may reduce hot flashes in women after menopause, ________, the results have been inconsistent.Language building-upSuggested answerslikewisecomparablenornorbuthoweverUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Task 3 / Formal EnglishThe following sentences are selected from Text. Replace the underlined formal words with less formal ones.1 To facilitate research on the effectiveness of alternative therapies, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) received a budget of $50 million in 1999.(Para. 1)2Many patients are using traditional and modern medical paradigms concurrently, creating a need for the appropriate and smooth merger of the two medicines.( Para. 2)3The panel ascertained that acupuncture can be used to treat post-operative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, as well as post-operative dental pain. .( Para. 3)Language building-upSuggested answersmake…easier/ helpmodel/patternfound outUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text A Task 3 / Formal EnglishThe following sentences are selected from Text. Replace the underlined formal words with less formal ones.4Hence, the evaluation of evidence for efficacy in acupuncture ought to be similar to these therapeutic interventions. .( Para. 4)5In elucidating the mechanisms of acupuncture and exploring its role in a variety of situations, innovative techniques such as FMRI,PET, SPECT, and MEG are beginning to be utilized. .( Para. 5)6 In time, those who do not embrace acupuncture will be at a disadvantage. .( Para. 6)Language building-upSuggested answersexplaining eagerly accept effectivenessUnit 4 Alternative medicine Group presentation Acupuncture anesthesia has been a useful working method for local or regional anesthesia in China. Work in small groups and explore the media and literature for information about this subject in the following aspects:1. history 2. clinical uses3. efficacy4. advantages 5. procedure Text A Additional activityUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text B•Critical reading and thinking•Language building-up•Suggested answersUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and ThinkingLet’s start with a video clip Acupuncture Benefit for Real or Placebo EffectUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking1. James Reston’s experience in Beijing in 1971 (P99) •suffering from acute abdominal pain•diagnosed with acute appendicitis•undergoing successful appendectomy•experiencing two days of severe, persistent abdominal pain•pain relieved by thin needles within one hourWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking1. James Reston’s experience in Beijing in 1971 (P99) Historical Background •coincident with Henry Kissinger’s then secretive discussions with the Chinese leadership to reestablish political relations between the US and China•By extension, Reston’s article contributed to the evolution of “IM” worldwide.•In 1972, the Western biomedical community was making great strides with regard to the mechanistic study of disease and the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions for conditions that have caused human suffering for millennia. Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking1. James Reston’s experience in Beijing in 1971 (P99) Knowledge of Subject Matter•biomedical community•mechanistic study of disease•discovery of novel therapeutic interventions•conditions that have caused human suffering for millennia•the role of prevention and lifestyle choices•optimization of diet•the need for movement •the complex relationship between mind and body•premedical educationWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking2. the author’s training in Beijing (P99) •learning Mandarin Chinese at Harvard University•the first U.S. medical exchange student to the People’s Republic of China•residing in a 400-year old “hu tong” •studying TCM theory and practice at the Beijing Institute of TCM and Dongzhimen Hospital Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking2. the author’s training in Beijing (P99) Knowledge of Subject Matter•inpatient and outpatient settings•acupuncture anesthesia•monitored them physiologically during surgical procedures•a combined “integrative” model of care for specific patient populations Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking3. prevalence of TCM therapies in the US (PP 99) Surveys published in the New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA•A third or more of adults routinely use complementary therapies.•There are hundreds of millions of office visits per year.•Tens of billions of dollars is spent out-of-pocket on these complementary therapies.Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking3. prevalence of TCM therapies in the US (PP 99) Survey performed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control•38% of adults and 12% of children routinely use CAM therapies to treat their most serious medical conditions.•There are more than 350 million office visits to CAM providers annually.•More than $34 billion is spent out of pocket.Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking3. prevalence of TCM therapies in the US (PP 99) Knowledge of Subject Matter•the implementation of US national surveys•the New England Journal of Medicine •JAMA•US Centers for Disease Control•prevalence statistics•efficacy, professional uniformity or competency•mechanisms of action, reproducibility, safety and cost effectiveness•five-year strategic plan for 2000-2014•the pre-clinical (basic science) or clinical evaluation of single CAMWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking4. fundamental questions to explore concerning TCM study (PP 99)•effects of acupuncture on the nervous system and connective tissue•effects of context, belief, conditioning and placebos on the brain, central and peripheral nervous systems•effects of specific compounds within traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in isolation and in complex mixturesWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking4. fundamental questions to explore concerning TCM study (PP 99)•effects of Tai Chi (and Yoga) predictably on physiologic mechanisms•ways to apply these to multiple common disease populations•effects of lifestyle choices (e.g. nutrition and diet, exercise and movement, stress management and meditative techniques) on genetic regulationWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking4. fundamental questions to explore concerning TCM study (PP 99)Knowledge of Subject Matter•integration of Chinese and Western medicine•evidence-based, patient-centered participatory and financially sustainable models of care•the nervous system and connective tissue•central and peripheral nervous systems•traditional Chinese medicinal herbs work individually and in complex mixtures•mechanistic and reductionistic studies•disruptive scientific innovation•the realm of cost-effectiveness research•large scale studiesWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking5. international cooperation in investigating TCM (P99)•The work of dozens of U.S. and Chinese co-investigators•Shared intention, namely to jointly develop new models of comprehensive health care, drawing on therapies of both Eastern and Western origin, to maximally prevent, treat and manage disease and sufferingWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking5. international cooperation in investigating TCM (P99) Prospect of TCM •Continuing to focus our human and financial resources on studies to explore the safety, mechanism, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of complementary and integrative medical therapies•Never forgetting our shared intention, namely to jointly develop new models of comprehensive health care, drawing on therapies of both Eastern and Western origin, to maximally prevent, treat and manage disease and suffering•Collectively, we can and will make discoveries of great consequence.Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Critical Reading and Thinking5. international cooperation in investigating TCM (P99) Inspiration for the Young Generation the next-generation of scouts and pioneers in the “Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine”•We are enlarged by people and approaches different from ours.•Our differences are to be shared and celebrated not feared or dismissed.Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Difficult sentences•… sent me on a curious 40 years professional odyssey. (Para. 1) ……使我踏上了一条非同寻常、持续40年之久的学术探索之路。
Critical Reading and ThinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Difficult sentences•Would my University and others like it be receptive to this line of inquiry or would their senior faculty reflexively view such an effort as advocacy work propelled by bias, naivety and backward thinking? 我学习的哈佛大学和其他一些院校是否乐意接受这种探究方式，抑或是他们的资深教职员把这种努力反过来看，认为是受偏见、天真和落后想法驱使所进行的宣传工作Critical Reading and ThinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Difficult sentences•The stage is now set for the next generation of young investigators interested in the “integration of Chinese and Western medicine” and the development of evidence-based, patient-centered participatory and financially sustainable models of care to make their contributions. (Para. 6) 对于下一代年轻的研究者来说，如果对“中西医结合”的研究感兴趣，如果对建立循证型、以病人为中心参与型、经济上可持续发展型的医疗保健模式感兴趣的话，给他们施展才华的舞台现在已经搭就，他们可以登台贡献。
Critical Reading and ThinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Difficult sentences•How do context, belief, conditioning and placebos alter the brain, central and peripheral nervous systems? (Para. 6). 环境、信念、先决条件以及安慰剂是如何影响大脑、中枢神经系统和周围神经系统，让其发生改变的？Critical Reading and ThinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text B Difficult sentences•There is also now the prospect of moving beyond mechanistic and reductionistic studies each of which has the potential to offer disruptive scientific innovation, in order to simultaneously move to the realm of cost-effectiveness research. 现在，人们也期望超越这些机制和还原式的研究（尽管每个研究都有可能产生摧枯拉朽的科学创新），从而进入成本效益研究领地。
Critical Reading and ThinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text BLanguage Building-up Vocabulary Test___________abdominal pain(急性腹痛)to __________medicines(施药，用药)surgical_________(外科手术)scientific___________(科学评估)___________statistics(患病率统计)___________therapies(传统疗法)_______________models of care(循证医疗模式)stress___________(压力处理)____________nervous system(周围神经系统)physiologic____________(生理机制)mechanistic and ___________ studies(机制和还原式研究)_______________research(效益研究)clinical__________(临床结果)___________and clinical studies(临床前及临床研究)___________mechanisms(可能的机制)Unit 4 Alternative medicineacuteconventional evidence-basedmanagementperipheralmechanismsreductionisticcost-effectivenessoutcomespreclinicalplausibleprocedureevaluationprevalenceadminister Text B 1 The Western world remained generally skeptical about the use of TCM in the 1970s.2 While training as an exchange student in Beijing, the author was convinced that TCM practices would be readily embraced by medical professionals in the West.3 The author cites the results of some large scale surveys to suggest that a sizable proportion of patients both in and out of the U.S. are now using complementary therapies.Suggested answersCritical reading and thinkingTask 1 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)TFTUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text B 4Currently serious efforts are being made by the international scientific community to investigate some fundamental questions concerning the mechanism of CAM.5 Extensive cooperation between American and Chinese TCM investigation began as early as 30 or 20 years ago.6 The author is optimistic about the future prospect of integrative medicine in the U.S.Suggested answersCritical reading and thinkingTask 1 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)TTFUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text C•Language building-up•Task: Write a summary Text C Language Building-up Vocabulary Test___________therapies(推拿治疗)___________medicine(顺势疗法)___________(自然疗法)___________and yoga(冥想与瑜伽)Unit 4 Alternative medicinemanipulativehomeopathicnaturopathicmeditation Text C Task: Write a summary of the text with the helpprovided. Alternative medicine refers to healing treatments or practices that are not part of conventional medical training like acupuncture, massage therapy, or herbal medicine. If alternative treatments are used together with conventional therapies, it is known as complementary medicine. The field of complementary and alternative medicine is called CAM for short. The difference between alternative medicine and complementary medicine lies in whether such treatments are used with or without conventional medical techniques.Suggested answersUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text C Task: Write a summary of the text with the helpprovided.Conventional medicine differs from complementary medicine in their bases: the former is based on scientific knowledge of the body and uses treatments that have been proven effective through scientific research, while the latter on the belief that a medical care provider has to treat the whole person—body, mind, and spirit. People often seek help from CAM when conventional medicine fails to cure their diseases. People may also use CAM to prevent illness or to ensure a healthier lifestyleSuggested answersUnit 4 Alternative medicine Text C Task: Write a summary of the text with the helpprovided.CAM can be grouped into four areas: biologically based practices, manipulative and body-based therapies, mind-body interventions, and energy therapies. In addition, CAM includes several whole medical systems such as Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, homeopathic medicine, and naturopathic medicine. Those systems incorporate many of the different practices into their treatments.Suggested answersUnit 4 Alternative medicine Listening•Note-taking symbols•Task 2 Listening Note-taking Symbolsbecause∵∵therefore, thus, so∴∴numberNO/#unlikely, uncertain, not sure?importantN.B.governmentgovt.for parecf.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Listening Task 2 Watch the video and then take notesaccording to the following points. You may use thesymbols and abbreviations listed above.1. what the hospital encourages its patients to do -Let loose on their regular basis. -Have a weekly exercise of an hour of laughter to fight depression2. physiological changes produced by laughing -Blood vessels expand. -Sugar levels drop. -An abundance of hormones linked with happiness and pleasure are produced.Note-taking SymbolsUnit 4 Alternative medicine Listening Note-taking SymbolsTask 2 Watch the video and then take notesaccording to the following points. You may use thesymbols and abbreviations listed above.3. laughing in Korean tradition -Laughing is not such a natural thing as the social behavior is dominated by Confucius tradition. -The sound of Korean women’s laughter should not be heard outside the fence of their home.4. singing as a therapy in Republic of Korea -It is more natural to Koreans. -It is an easier way to express inner feelings, especially for Korean women brought up in a conservative background.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Listening Note-taking SymbolsTask 2 Watch the video and then take notesaccording to the following points. You may use thesymbols and abbreviations listed above.5. the lady transformed by singing class-She relieved from severe depression.-She found a new career. Unit 4 Alternative medicine Speaking• Seminar / PresentationUnit 4 Alternative medicine Speaking Making a counterargumentA counterargument is an argument offered in oppositionto another argument.An opinion or a fact that challenges the reasoningbehind somebody’s proposal, showing that there are grounds for taking an opposite view. Unit 4 Alternative medicine Speaking Making a counterargument•This approach is not likely to work.•I wouldn’t go along with (sb.) on that.•I’m not really sure if I would go along with (sb.) there.•I doubt / wonder whether the argument bears close examination.•To assume that… is to miss the point.•… seem to overlook / ignore an important / fundamental fact.•It is true that…, but it doesn’t follow that…•You claim that… Unfortunately,…Unit 4 Alternative medicine Speaking Making a counterargumentTask: Work in pairs to practice these language patterns.One of you is going to make an assertion and the other expresses a counterargument about the following points. 1 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)2 conventional therapies3 alternative therapies4 western medicine5 herbal therapies6 clinical trials7 acupuncture8 meditationUnit 4 Alternative medicine Speaking Additional activityGroup Presentation Acupuncture anesthesia has been a useful working method for local or regional anesthesia in China. Work in a small group and explore the media and literature for information about this subject in the following aspects:1. history 2. clinical uses3. efficacy4. advantages 5. procedureUnit 4 Alternative medicine Writing• Materials and Methods• TaskUnit 4 Alternative medicine Writing Research Paper Project Materials and Methods Subheadings●Eligibility ● Study oversight● Study population● Randomization and blinding ● Study design● Study end points● Statistical analysis● Quality control● Laboratory analysis/studies● Collection and Analysis of TissuesUnit 4 Alternative medicine Writing Research Paper Project Task: Search for a research paper with a well-written methods section. Find out what subheadings it contains.Unit 4 Alternative medicine Get ready for Unit 5•PresentationsforUnit5 Get ready for Unit 5 Presentations for Unit 51.Clarify the differences between disease and disease. 2.Your personal understanding about the claim that Health is a multidimensional experience of body, mind and spirit. 3.Illustrate the relationship between life automatic pilot and wellness.4.Describe the time of great confusion we live in. 5.We are much influenced by a culture that values thinking more than feeling and emphasizes reason over intuitive awareness and knowing. What are the influences? Unit 4 Alternative medicine Get ready for Unit 5 Presentations for Unit 56.Explain the process where we change from one with natural self-confidence to one beginning to play it safe, or play not to lose.7.How can wellness be established?8.List the tips on how to become a fully integrated human being.Unit 4 Alternative medicine 。
