英美公司细分种类.docx

Types of CompanyUSA：The following are the main business designations and types(corporations and non-corporations):◊ Corp., Inc. (Corporation, Incorporated): used to denote corporations (public or otherwise). These arethe only terms universally accepted by all 51 corporation chartering agencies in the United States. However in some states other suffixes may be used to identify a corporation, such as Ltd., CoJCompany, or the Italian term S・p.A・.◊ Doing Business As (DBA): denotes a business name used by a person or entity that is different from the person's or entity's true name. Filing requiments vary and are not permitted for some types of businesses or professional practices.◊ General partnership is a partnership in which all the partners are jointly liable for the debts of the partnership. It is typically created by agreement rather than being created by a public filing.◊ LLC, LC, Ltd. Co. (limited liability company): a form of business whose owners enjoy limited liability, but which is not a corporation. Allowable abbreviations vary by state. Note that Ltd. by itself is not a valid abbreviation for an LLC, because in some states (e.g. Texas), it may denote a corporation instead.◊ LLLP (limited liability limited partnership): a combination of LP and LLP, available in some states.◊ LLP (limited liability partnership): a partnership where a partner's liability for the debts of the partnership is limited except in the case of liability for acts of professional negligence or malpractice. In some states LLPs may only be formed for purposes of practicing a licensed profession, typically attorneys, accountants and architects. This is often the only form of limited partnership allowed for law firms (as opposed to general partnerships).◊ LP (limited partnership): a partnership where at least one partner has unlimited liability and one or more partners have limited liability◊ PLLC (professional limited liability company): Some states do not allow certain professionals to form an LLC that would limit the liability that results from the services the professionals provide such as doctors, medical care; lawyers, legal advice; and accountants, accounting services, when the company formed offers the services of the professionals. Instead states allow a PLLC or in the LLC statutes, the liability limitation only applies to the business side, such as creditors of the company, as opposed to the service side, the level of medical care, legal services, or accounting provided to clients. This is meant to maintain the higher ethical standards that these professionals have committed themselves to by becoming licensed in their profession and not immune to malpractice suits.◊ Professional corporations (abbreviated as PC or P.C.) are those corporate entities for which many corporation statutes make special provision, regulating the use of the corporate form by licensed professionals such as attorneys, architects, and doctors.◊ Sole proprietorship: a business consisting of a single owner, not in a separately recognized business form.United Kingdom◊ CIC or community interest company;◊ Industrial and Provident Society, eg. a Co-operative (which does include Ltd. at the end of its name) or charity;◊ General partnership;◊ LLP or Limited liability partnership;◊ LP or Limited partnership;◊ Ltd. or Cyf (Limited): a private company limited by shares, the shares not being traded publicly;◊ p.l.c. or Ccc (public limited company): a company whose shares may be traded publicly. Requires an authorized minimum share capital of £50,000, of which it must have allotted shares to the value of at least £ 50,000 and a minimum of 25% must be fully paid up prior to starting business.◊ Unlimited company: A company either with or without a share capital whose members or shareholders do not benefit from limited liability should the company ever go into formal liquidation. It is not a requirement under company law to add or state the word or designation Unlimited or its abbreviations (Unltd., or Ultd.) at the ending of its legal company name, and most unlimited companies do not. Unlimited companies are exempted from filing accounts with the Registrar of Companies for public disclosure, subject to a few exceptions (unless the company was a qualified subsidiary or a parent of a limited company during the accounting period).◊ Sole proprietorship/Sole trader.。