动词概述.ppt

动词概述动词是用来表示主语做什么（即动词是用来表示主语做什么（即行为动词），或表示主语是什么行为动词），或表示主语是什么或怎么样（即状态动词）的词或怎么样（即状态动词）的词按动词在句中的作用，可分为：行行为动词（实义动词）为动词（实义动词） ；系动词；系动词 ；；助动词和情态动词助动词和情态动词动词的各种形式动词的四种主要形式1.现在式：也称为动词原形一般现在时要用现在式主语是第三人称时用相应的第三人称单数）I live in Beijing with my motherIt has a round face.（后附表1.英语动词第三人称单数变化规则）•2.过去式：几乎每个动词都有过去式表示过去发生的事一般过去式都是由它表示•The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.（附表2.一般过去时动词的变化规则一般过去时动词的变化规则 ）3.过去分词：构成完成时态（a）和被动语态（b）He has lived here for many years.The VCR was made in China.(附表2.过去分词的规则变化)。

•4.现在分词：通常由动词原形+ing构成，构成各种进行时态•We are learning grammar.(附表3.动词后加－ing的规则）附表1.动词第三人称单数变化规则 1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加 -s.在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]例如： works gets says reads 2) 以ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加 -es发音为[iz] 例如： go-goes teach-,teaches wash-washes brush-brushes ,catch-catches ,do-does ,fix -fixes •3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把 y变为 i 再加 -es.读[iz] 例如： •study- studies try-tries • carry-carries ,fly-flies •cry-cries •把下列动词变为第三人称单数形式•1. clean-- 2. go-- 3. have-- •4. do-- 5. play-- 6. fly-- 7. come-- 8. brush-- 9. watch-- 10. study-- 11. ask-- 12. answer-- 13. swim-- 14. catch-- 15. write-- 16. eat-- 17. make-- 18. paint-- 19. learn-- 20. phone-- 21. run-- 22. hope-- 23. sing-- 24. pick--•附表2.一般过去式和过去分词变化规则•1）.一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： worked played wanted acted•2）以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live-lived，move- moved， decide-decided，decline- declined ，hope-hoped，judge- judged ，raise-raised ，wipe-wiped•3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：study- studied,try- tried ,copy-copied,justify- justified, cry-cried ,carry-carried, empty- emptied •4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： •stop-stopped,beg- begged ,drag-dragged ,drop-dropped ,plan-planned dot-dotted •(以一个或几个辅音字母【除r】结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，称为闭音节）•fit - fitted ，hug -- hugged，pat ---- patted， rid -- ridded ， rob -- robbed ， regret -- regretted 动词加ed的读法：1.元音和浊辅音的后面ed读/d/ 2.清辅音的后面ed读/t/ 3.t，d的后面读/id/另有不规则动词表另有不规则动词表附表3.1）一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake-waking make-making come-coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having •3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。

• begin - beginning admit - admitting sit - sitting fit - fitting hit - hitting prefer - preferring • swim - swimming shop - shopping cut - cutting get - getting forget - forgetting spit - spitting •shut -shutting stop -stopping plan -planning dig -digging drop - dropping step - stepping•4）以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing carry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying 5）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing die---dying lie---lying•附表4 不规则动词表及物动词（vt.）•这类动词后都跟有宾语•1.we have discussed the issue . 我们已经讨论过这个问题了•2.Did they enjoy the lecture which was given by Yu Hongming? 他们喜欢俞洪敏上的这堂课吗?3. Mr. Li recommended some contemporary novels. 李老师推荐了一些当代小说。

主语+及物动词+名词/代词•We have ordered our meal. 我们已经点了饭菜•I shall call a taxi.我会叫一辆出租车•He left school in 2013年•主语+及物动词+反身代词I can't express myself in English .我不会用英语表达自己she saw herself in the mirror.她在镜子里看到了自己you can support yourselves. 你们能养活自己主语+动词短语+宾语（名词/代词/反身代词）she has put aside a good sum of money.她存了一大笔钱who put forward such a view?谁提出了这样的观点will you put your shoes on ？你会穿上你的鞋•we can put it off one more week.•我们可以把它再推迟一周•I will think it over. 我要想一想主动：主语主动：主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +宾语宾语被动：主语被动：主语+be ++be +及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词(+by+(+by+宾语宾语) )•1.we will hold a sports meeting.(主动) A sports meeting will be held by us.(被动)•2. Many authors compared teenagers to the rising sun.(主动) Teenagers were compared to the rising sun by many authors.（被动）•3. Another supermarket has been put up near our house.我家附近又键了一家超市。

The meeting has been put off.•主语+及物动词+不定式（作宾语）we can't afford to pay such a price. 我们出不起这样的价钱I didn't expect to find you there. 我没想到在这见到你she longed to be back in England. 她渴望回英国•跟不定时作宾语的常见动词有： 1打算(intend)计划(plan)和期待(expect/desire)2假装(pretend)喜欢(would like)表祝愿(wish)3决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 4设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 5好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)6 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 7告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford arrange 安排 care 想要 demand 要求determine 决心 hesitate 犹豫 hope 希望 long 渴望 offer 主动提出 prepare 准备 pretend 假装 want 想要 •他表示可借给我一些钱（offer）•He offered to lend me some money.•他要求知道事实真相（demand）•He demanded to know the truth•他假装没有注意。

pretend）•He pretended not to notice.她似乎十分疲惫（appeare）She appeared to be exhausted.主语+及物动词+wh-+ 不定式•我必须考虑怎么办I must think what to do. 他忘了该走哪条路？He forgot which way to go?他已经解释了如何使用降落伞He has explained how to use the parachute.主语+及物动词+v-ing你应该避免再犯同样的错You should avoid making the same mistake again.你介意打开窗户吗？Do you mind opening the window?没有人能逃脱惩罚no one can escape being punished.1.考虑（consider）完成（finish）多练习（practise） 2避免（avoid）冒险（risk）求建（suggest/recoomend） 3面对（face）喜欢（enjoy/appreciate）和介意(mind) 4.允许（allow）承认（admit/permit）或放弃(give up/abandon) 5.推迟（put off/delay/postphone）逃避（escape）不原谅（excuse/pardon） 6提及（mention）坚持(keep/insist on）要想象（imagine/fancy） 还有词组feel like 想要和can’t stand 不能忍受！•在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require， stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同巧记一句话（记住努力；后悔忘记；需要停止；很有意义）remember to do something记着去做某事 remember doing something记着曾做过某事 try to do something努力、尽力做某事 try doing something试着做某事 stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事） stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事） regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜 regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔 mean to do something打算,想，意图… mean doing something意味着 want/require/need to be done某事需要做 want/require/need doing某事需要做(这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系The room needs cleaning/needs to be cleaned) can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事主语+及物动词+that从句（作宾语）•我希望我没有说什么使你难过的话。

I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.他估计这个花瓶已存在三千年了He estimated that the vase was 3000 years old.她声称她目睹过这次车祸she claimed that she had seen the accident.主句是一般现在时，that从句该用什么时态就用什么时态（例句1）主句是一般过去时，从句也要用过去的某个时态（例句2,3）•坚持 insist • 命令 order, command 建议 advise, suggest,propose,recommend 要求 ask, demand, require, request这些词后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形她坚持我要出席she insisted that I (should) be present. 将军命令士兵们立刻发起进攻The general ordered that soliders (should) attack at once.主语+及物动词+wh-引导的宾语从句(陈述语序)我不知道他们到哪去了。

I didn't know where they had gone.我们已经讨论了哪个措施更实际we have disccused which measure is more practical.我不在乎他们说什么I don't care what they say.•不知你可否可我一些建议•I wonder whether/ (if) you could give me some advice.•我想知道我该怎么办•I wonder what I should do •他仍然记得那次事故是怎样发生的•he still remembers how the accident happened.主语+双宾语动词+间宾（人）+直宾（物）•The teacher asks him the same question.•I wish you good luck.•Grandmother bought her a scarf as birthday gift.•Mr Liu teaches us politics.•she sang us a folk song.主语+双宾语动词+直宾（物）+to+间宾（人）•她给了我她的号码•she gave me her telephone number.•she gave her telephone number to me•他把信递给我•He handed me the letter.•He handed the letter to me.某些动词后引导的间接宾语可改为to 引导的短语award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信主语+双宾语动词+直宾（物）+for+间宾（人）•他为儿子订了个生日蛋糕。

•He has ordered his son a birthday cake.•He has ordered a birthday cake for his son•你能否给我放一些轻音乐•can you play me some light music•can you play some light music for me .•book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物•buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物•choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物•cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物•draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物•fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物•find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物•fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物•get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物•make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物•order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物•pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物•prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物•save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物•sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）•spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物•steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物她给我们做了一顿美味的晚餐。

cook）she cooked a delicious meal for us 他欠我500元own）he owns 500 yuan to me. 我会给你看看我上周买的书show）I will show the books I bought last week to you.主语+双宾语动词+名词或代词+that从句老师通知我们周五有测验our teacher noticed us that there would be a test on Friday.我会打给你并且提醒你我们8点钟碰面I will call you and remind you that we are meeting at 8.主语+双宾语动词+名词或代词+wh-(if/whether)从句我来告诉你我在今天报纸上看到的什么I will tell you what I have read in today's newspaper.她已近把他们买的东西给我看了 she showed me what they had bought.他教导我们为什么要热爱祖国He told us why we should love our country.有些父母给孩子们买了任何他们想要的。

Some parents bought their children whatever they wanted.系动词1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师is与补足语一起说明主语的身份 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜 •4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香 3）表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了turn out表终止性结果主语+系动词+表语(adj/n)•这报道听起来是真实的The report sounds true.这道菜闻起来不错The dish smells good.这药难吃极了The medicine tastes awful.慢慢地他安静了下来Gradually he became silent.天气变得越来越暖和The weather is getting hotter and hottor过了一段时间，我对这份工作满意起来。

After a time I grew satisfied with the work.一些疑点仍未解答some mysteries remain unsolved.我们可以继续做朋友we can remain friends.它听起来是个好主意It sounds a good idea.我的梦想终于成为了现实Finally,my dream bacame a reality.那个女孩是我表姐that girl is my cousin• 主语+系动词+介词短语他目前失业了He is out of job at present.所有的孩子都不到七岁All the children were under seven.这些衣物已变得过时了These clothes have grown out of date.气温在八十九十度之间The temperature is between 80℃ and 90℃ 主语+系动词+不定式他的计划是将此事保密His plan is to keep the matter secret.我的职责是将你救出来My duty is to save you.问题是要找到正确的地点。

The problem was to find the right place quickly.• 主语+系动词+that从句唯一的问题是我们没有足够的时间The only problem is that we have no enough time.我迟到的原因是我没赶上公交车The reason for my lateness is that I missed my bus.• 主语+系动词+wh-从句那就是我给你写信的原因That's why I wrote to you.大衣还在你原来放的地方The caot is where you letf it.问题是你想干什么The question is what you want to do. 主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语她喜欢这个国家she is fond of this country.为这地方我感到相当的骄傲I am rather proud of this place.我在国外居住已近厌倦I'm tired of living abroad.听到这消息她显得很吃惊she looked astonished at the news我已经习惯于吃素。

I’ve got used to a vegetarian diet. 主语+系动词+形容词+不定式听说你病了我很难过I was sorry to hear that you were ill.我很高兴见到你I'm delight to meet you. 他们都愿意帮忙They are all willing to help.她害怕告诉你she was afraid to tell you.主语+系动词+形容词+ 从句他有信心会通过考试He is confident that he will pass the exam.我很失望你没能来I'm disappointed that you cannot come.我还没决定是去泰国还是新加坡度假I’m undecided whether to go to Thailand or Singapore for holiday.• 主语+及物动词+复合宾语•主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词他把墙漆成了淡蓝色He painted the walls light blue.我认为她为人很好，很诚恳I thought her so nice and sincere。

他发现他的新学校相当有吸引力He found his new school rather attractive.it it 作形式宾语作形式宾语, ,不定式作真正的宾语不定式作真正的宾语我感到有必要说清楚一起切I felt it necessary to make everything clear.我发现要满足他们的要求是很难的I found it difficult to satisfy their needs.我想我们很可能会得到一笔钱it it 做形式宾语，做形式宾语，thatthat引导的句子是真正的宾语引导的句子是真正的宾语I think it likely that we will get a certain amount of money.我想你最好和我们一起走I think it best that you should go with us . 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词他们给女儿取名叫MaryThey called their daughter Mary.我们都认为这本书都是以杰作we all consider the book a masterpiece.他们对协议保密。

They kept their agreement a secret.it it 作形式上的宾语作形式上的宾语, ,不定式作真正的宾语不定式作真正的宾语他规定自己每天早上慢跑锻炼He made it a rule to go jogging every moring.他感到有责任向她提及此事He felt it a duty to mention this to her.thatthat引导句子作真正的宾语引导句子作真正的宾语我们每天工作超过9个小时我感到太可怕了I felt it a terrible thing that we had to work more than 9 hours a day.主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语（作补语）他们很快把火势控制住They soon got the fire under control.这会是我们和睦起来This will bring us all into harmony.主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式在会上他们邀请我发言At the meeting they invited me to come.他催促我加入他们的组织He uerged me to join their organisation.他们警告我们不要在那条河里游泳。

They warned us not to swim in that river.主语+及物动词+宾语+不带to的不定式我不能让这事继续下去I can't let this go on.我们以前从未听过她这样唱过歌we had never heard her sing like that before.被动语态中不定式一概带to人们常听见她唱这样的歌sha was often heard to sing this song.他们让他把整首诗都背出来He was made to recite the whole poem.主语+及物动词+宾语+v-ing你能想象她做这样的事吗？can you imagine her doing such a thing?他感觉到有人在注视他He felt someone watching him.主语+及物动词+宾语+过去分词他看着钢琴被抬上楼He watched the piano carried upstairs.你必须使你自己受到尊重You must make yourself respected.不及物动词•这类动词后都不跟宾语•主语+不及物动词•when did it happen?•The sun is rising in the east.•Birds can fly.  主语+不及物动词+状语Did you sleep well? 你睡得好吗？she swims like a fish. 她又起来像条鱼。

you go first and I will follow behind.你先走， 我跟着 Her lecture lasted an hour. 她的讲座持续了一小时。