教学物流英语第二章.ppt

《《物流英语物流英语》》8/30/20241Learning objectivesLearning objectives3. 3. Questions forQuestions for Discussion Discussion 1. 1. MainMain ContentContent2.2. Phrases andPhrases and Terms Terms4. Case Study4. Case StudyChapter 2 Supply Chain Management8/30/20242Learning Objectives 1.Gain an understanding of the characteristics of supply chain management 2.Learn the definition of QR, ECR, ERP, CPFR, JIT 3.Get an overview of supply chain management principles and their implications for enterprises 4.Get an overview of how a supply chain system comes out8/30/202432.1 Introduction to Supply Chain Management 2.1.1Definition of Supply Chain Management Supply chain management (SCM) is the control of the supply chain as a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management does not involve only the movement of a physical product (such as a microchip) through the chain but also any data that goes along with the product (such as order status information, payment schedules, 8/30/20244 and ownership titles) and the actual entities that handle the product from stage to stage of the supply chain. There are essentially three goals of SCM: to reduce inventory, to increase the speed of transactions with real-time data exchange, and to increase revenue by satisfying customer demands more efficiently. Supply chain management is getting the right things to the right places at the right times for maximum profit. It is a process used by companies to ensure that their supply chain is efficient and cost-effective. Many important8/30/20245 实时数据库可用于工厂过程的自动实时数据库可用于工厂过程的自动采集、存储和监视，可存储每采集、存储和监视，可存储每个工艺过程点的多年数据，可以提个工艺过程点的多年数据，可以提供清晰、精确的操作情况画面，用供清晰、精确的操作情况画面，用户既可浏览工厂当前的生产情况，户既可浏览工厂当前的生产情况，也可回顾过去的生产情况，可以说，也可回顾过去的生产情况，可以说，实时数据库对于流程工厂来说就如实时数据库对于流程工厂来说就如同飞机上的同飞机上的“黑匣子黑匣子”。

8/30/20246 strategic decisions impact the supply chain: how to coordinate the production of goods and services, including which suppliers to buy materials from; how and where to store inventory; how to distribute products in the most cost-effective, timely manner; and how and when to make payments. A typical supply chain is made up of many interrelated firms linked by a core enterprise. As shown in Figure 2.1, component and subassembly suppliers are upstream from the manufacturer. Further up the chain are the8/30/20247 supplier's suppliers, who provide raw materials. Downstream from the producing firm are the resellers, then the retail channels and finally the customers. Thus, the supply chain encompasses the flow and transformation of goods, services and information from the raw materials stage to the consumers.2.1.2 Differences between Logistics and Supply Chain Management A widely adopted textbook defines logistics management as follows: “the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective8/30/20249 flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements”. Starting from the late 1980s, logistics has been extended to cover a wider range of interest and activities. Such an enlarged concept and practice is called Supply Chain Management. A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, 8/30/202410 and the distribution of these finished products to customers. Supply chains exist in both service and manufacturing organizations. Taking into account the most recent development of logistics and supply chain management, we describe logistics with the following definition: process of the location, movement and storage of resources from the point of origin, through various economic activities, to the final consumer. This definition provides logistics with a comprehensive dimension and allow organizations to take full advantage of the philosophy, the way of thinking8/30/202411 and the practice of logistics during the entire process of all logistics related activities to enhance the system efficiency in different areas. To better understand the exact meaning and scope of logistics we need to explain this definition by looking at some of its key words. First we should look at the word process. This means that logistics is not an isolated action, it is rather a series of continuous and interrelated activities in which principles of logistics thinking, planning, organization, management and operation apply. Therefore logistics is a process8/30/202412 concerned with various activities within an organization from the overall thinking to each individual operational task. Logistics is also a process that covers every element that associates with the product from the origin of resources to the final stage of consumption. Logistics does not only concern materials. It interests in all resources needed for having the right product or service at the consumer's disposal. The resources here mean materials, capital, people, but they also include information, technology , etc. 8/30/202413 Logistics should include two levels of planning and organizing activities. The first is about where and when to get resources and products and where to send them, therefore a problem of location. This is the major difference between the traditional logistics concept and supply chain management, as the former is concentrating on “flows”, while the latter concerns the problems of location as well. The second level concerns how to get the resource and products from the origin to the final destination, thus a problem of movement and storage. So far much attention8/30/202414 has been paid to the second level of logistics or to the movement and storage of resources, but not enough to the fundamental question of location or in other words where the resources should be secured and transformed. Logistics itself is not a new activity in the organization, it is rather a new way of thinking and organizing the existing activities under an integrated concept of logistics. It is a process of optimizing the system systematically which includes each activity so that t h e t o t a l b e n e f i t c a n b e m a x i m i z e d8/30/202415 and the best overall result can be achieved. Optimization means to organize all relevant activities for the purpose of minimizing the total cost of providing the consumer with the value required. This implies the elimination or minimization of all unproductive activities and activities that do not provide or provide less value added. The optimization is to be assured on the entire process of providing the product or service instead of on only a part of it.8/30/202416 2.1.3 Supply Chain Management Process Typically, supply chain management is comprised of five stages: plan, develop, make, deliver, return. The first stage in supply chain management is known as Plan. A plan or strategy must be developed to address how a given goods or service will meet the needs of the customers. A significant portion of the strategy should focus on planning a profitable supply chain. Develop is the next stage in supply chain management. It involves building a strong relationship with suppliers of the raw materials needed in making8/30/202417 the product the company delivers. This phase involves not only identifying reliable suppliers but also planning methods for shipping, delivery, and payment. At the third stage, Make, the product is manufactured, tested, packaged, and scheduled for delivery. Then, at the logistics phase, customer orders are received and delivery of the goods is planned. This fourth stage of supply chain management stage is aptly named Deliver. The final stage of supply chain management is called Return. As the name suggests, during this stage, customers may return defective products.8/30/202418 The company will also address customers’ questions in this stage. Companies use forecast-distribution models in order to have the appropriate inventory, or safety stock, necessary to meet fluctuations in customer demand. Under this model, participants In the lower-end of the supply chain, rather than those near the end-customer, Increase their orders frequently when there is a rise in demand. 2.1.4 Importance of an Effective Supply Chain Management Better supply chain helps not only manufacturers8/30/202419 of goods, but also some service businesses, Including those requiring creativity, Imagination and specialized knowledge. For example, using a virtual reality system and ultrasound data sent through the Internet, a medical specialist in Dallas can give an opinion to a patient in New York, or London, or Bombay. A virtual reality system worn around the hand and arm allows a physician to feel pressure sensations from computer images and make an informed diagnosis in real time 8/30/202420 halfway around the globe. Today's most efficient supply chains use the Internet and associated technologies to move information in real time to those who need it. These bits of data---digital strings of zeroes and ones---can be shipped anywhere in the world in seconds at virtually no cost. And with digital products there are no time-to-manufacture delays, Inventory shortages or delivery problems. While supply chain management is as old as trade itself, new information and communications technologies have made today's supply chains better, faster8/30/202421 and cheaper. Information engineering that combines new information technologies with improved production, Inventory, distribution and payments methods has revolutionized supply chain operations. For example, one way to buy a computer is to get on Dell's web site and configure and price a system exactly as you want it. As soon as you submit the online order, all of Dell's global suppliers-those providing chips, monitors and so on are immediately notified of the sale and go to work so that you receive your computer typically 8/30/202422 within a week. Contrast this direct sales model with yesterday's supply chain. The old model required the customer to go to a store in search of a product that the manufacturer thinks you want to buy. But now, in some cases, the middlemen between you and the manufacturer can be eliminated. Moreover, in the direct sales model, the upstream suppliers play a key real-time role in keeping production and distribution flowing smoothly. 8/30/202423 2.1.5 Supply Chain Management Eras. Throughout history, new ideas and technologies have revolutionized supply chains and changed the way we work. Two hundred years ago, giant machines replaced manual labor to complete tasks in large factories. Railroads, electricity and new communication media expanded markets and made supply chains better, faster and cheaper. (1) Mass Production Era. In the early 1900s, Henry Ford created the first moving assembly. This reduced the time required to build a Model T from  728 hours to 1.5 hours and ushered in the mass production era. Over the next 60 years, American manufacturers became adept at mass production and streamlined supply chains with the help of scientific management methods and operations research techniques. (2) Lean Manufacturing Era. In the 1970s, U. S. manufacturing's superiority was challenged. Foreign firms in many industries made higher quality products at lower costs. Global competition forced U. S. manufacturers to concentrate on improving quality by reducing8/30/202425 defects in their supply chains. Good to know: Six-sigma: This quality control idea was pioneered by Motorola as a way to improve processes that are already under control. The outputs of such processes typically have a normal distribution, and the process capability is expected to be within plus or minus three standard deviations of the mean. Each standard deviation is one sigma, so the total process capability covers six sigma. Total quality m a n a g e m e n t: This idea emphasizes multifunctional teams to solve quality related  problems. Such teams are trained to understand basic statistical tools and then collect and analyze data to resolve quality problems. (3) Mass Customization Era. Beginning around 1995 and coinciding with the commercial application of the Internet, manufacturers started to mass-produce customized products. Henry Ford's famous statement "you can have any color Model T as long as it's black" no longerapplies. Perhaps a more accurate term would be the "information engineering" or "information management" era. Firms are effectively using8/30/202427 new information technologies to Improve service and delivery processes. Through secure systems and business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce platforms, firms focus on improving information management by integrating internal systems with external partners. For example, through its web site, Amazon. com gives customers the ability to track the delivery status of their purchases. And Wal-Mart routinely shares all sales data in real time with its upstream suppliers and manufacturers.8/30/2024282.2 Principles of Supply ChainManagement There are altogether seven principles in managing supply chains. 1. Segment customers based on the service needs of distinct groups and adapt the supply chain to serve these segments profitably. Segmentation has traditionally grouped customers by industry, product, or trade channel and then taken a one-size-fits-all approach to serving them, averaging costs and profitability8/30/202429 within and across segments. But segmenting customers by their particular needs equips a company to develop a portfolio of services tailored to various segments. Surveys, Interviews, and industry research have been the traditional tools for defining key segmentation criteria. Viewed from the classic perspective, this needs-based segmentation may produce some odd couples. Research can establish the services valued by all customers versus those valued only by certain segments. Then the company should apply a disciplined, cross-functional process to develop a8/30/202430 menu of supply chain programs and create segment-specific service packages that combine basic services for everyone with the services from the menu that will have the greatest appeal to particular segments. This does not mean tailoring for the sake of tailoring. The goal is to find the degree of segmentation and variation needed to maximize profitability; 2. Customize the logistics network to the service requirements and profitability of customer segments. Companies have traditionally taken a monolithic approach to logistics network design in organizing their inventory, warehouse, and transportation activities8/30/202431 to meet a single standard. This can not achieve superior asset utilization or accommodate the segment-specific logistics necessary for excellent supply chain management. In many industries, especially such commodity industries as fine paper, tailoring distribution assets to meet individual logistics requirements is a greater source of differentiation for a manufacturer than the actual products, which are largely undifferentiated; 3. Listen to market signals and align demand planning accordingly across the s u p p l y c h a i n , e n s u r i n g c o n s i s t e n t  forecasts and optimal resource allocation; 4. Differentiate product closer to the customer and speed conversion across the supply chain; 5. Manage sources of supply strategically to reduce the total cost of owning materials a n d possessed services; 6. Develop a supply chain-wide technology strategy that supports multiple levels of decision making and gives a clear view of the flow of products, services, and information; 7.Adopt channel-spanning performance measures to gauge collective success in reaching the end-user effectively and efficiently. 8/30/202433WRITTEN EXERCISES 1.Filling (1)Mass Production Era was in the early , the symbol of this era was creating by Henry Ford; Lean Manufacturing Era was in the and Mass Customization Era beginning around . (2) There are principles in managing supply chains in total. The first is based on the service needs of distinct groups and adapt the supply chain to serve these segments profitably. 8/30/2024342.SPECIAL TERMS(1) normal distribution(2) standard deviations(3) Total quality management(4) the process capability(5) tracking the delivery status(6) a portfolio of tailored services(7) key segmentation criteria3. QUESTION What specific role does logistics play in supply chain operations?8/30/2024352.3 Methods Concerning Supply Chain Management The generation of supply chain management theory lags vt.落落后后于于 far behind the specific technologies and methods， as the former was shown initially by the latter. The most common methods in supply chain management are Quick Response (QR), Efficient Consumer Response (E C R), Enterprise Resource Planning (E R P), Just in Time (J I T), Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment n.补补 货货 、、 补补 给给 (CPFR), etc. 8/30/202436 1. QR The gap between demand for consumer goods and their efficient supply is greater now than at any other time, and is widening as consumers’ wants become less predictable, and suppliers struggle to meet them. Quick Response is both a management paradigm (n.范范式式、、范范例例) and a methodology (n n. .方方法法学学，，方方法法论论) that allows supply systems to react quickly to changes while improving their performance. QR aims to help organize a business in the face of problems associated with the vast array of goods and services now to be found in consumer markets. 8/30/202437 It is particularly relevant to the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) and Fashion industries. QR works by compressing the time between product or service design concept and appearance on the retail shelf. It then takes advantage of such recent technologies as Point of Sale (POS) tracking and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) to constantly up-date estimates of true consumer demand, and then places intelligent re-orders for goods with flexible manufacturers and their suppliers.8/30/202438 2. ECR Efficient Consumer Response or ECR is a business concept aimed at better satisfying consumer needs, through businesses and trading partners working together. In doing so, ECR best practices will deliver superior business results by reducing costs at all stages throughout the supply chain, achieving efficiency and streamlined processes. ECR best practices can deliver improved range, value, service and convenience offerings. This in turn 8/30/202439 will lead to greater satisfaction of consumer needs. ECR principles support the belief that business success comes from delighting the consumer through meeting or exceeding their expectations. This can only be done through working together to remove inefficiencies and costs that add little value to the consumer. This principle applies to (适适应应于于) the grocery industry and many, if not all, other industry sectors.8/30/202440 3. ERP ERP stands for enterprise resource planning is a way to integrate the data and processes of an organization into one single system. Usually ERP systems will have many components including hardware and software, in order to achieve integration, most ERP systems use a unified database to store data for various functions found throughout the organization. The term ERP originally referred to how a large organization planned to use organizational wide resources. 8/30/202441 In the past, ERP systems were used in larger more industrial types of companies. However, the use of ERP has changed and is extremely comprehensive, today the term can refer to(适适用用于于) any type of company, no matter what industry it falls in（投投入入）. In fact, ERP systems are used in almost any type of organization—large or small. In order for a software system to be considered ERP, it must provide an organization with functionality for two or more systems. While some ERP packages exist that only cover two functions for an organization, 8/30/202442 most ERP systems cover several functions. Today’s ERP systems can cover a wide range of functions and integrate them into one unified database. For instance, functions such as Human Resources, Supply Chain Management, Customer Relations Management, Financials, Manufacturing functions and Warehouse Management functions were all once stand alone software applications, usually housed with their own database and network, today, they can all fit under one umbrella—the ERP system.8/30/202443 4. JIT JIT, or “just in time”, is a strategy used in inventory management. With the JIT strategy, companies aim to decrease waste and inventory costs by receiving goods only when they are needed to produce products. JIT inventory management thus increases efficiency, and is used by companies that prefer to keep low inventory levels. JIT is the opposite of JIC, or “just in case”(应应急急制制) , in which companies carried large inventories in the event that demand spiked(尖的、突增的的、突增的) . 8/30/202444 In order for JIT to work correctly, the company must be able to predict demand for the product and how much inventory will be needed at what stages of production. JIT also depends on a reliable supply chain for the effective, timely delivery of parts. 5. CPFR Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment is a collaborative business practice that enables partners to have visibility into one another’s demand, order forecast and promotional data to anticipate and satisfy future demand. This is done through a systematic 8/30/202445 process of information and knowledge sharing. CPFR links sales and marketing best practices, such as category management (商商品品品品类类管管理理是是外外资资零零售售企企业业普普遍遍采采用用的的商商品品管管理理方方法法，，通通过过与与供供应应商商合合作作进进行行商商品品品品类类管管理理，，可可以以及及时时响响应应消消费费者者的的需需求求，，提提高高商商品品的的周周转转率率和和货货架架使使用用。

), to supply chain planning and execution processes. In this way， product availability（产产品品的的可可获获得得性性、、产产品品的的现现货货供供应应能能力力）can be increased while reducing inventory, transportation and logistics costs. 8/30/202446 CPFR goes beyond current internal system implementations (n.执执行行) and builds the next level of information sharing out to trading partners. The objective often is to foster a strategic partnership and establish an enabling process(保保障障流流程程) for all other supply chain improvement initiatives (n.方方案案).8/30/202447 2.4 Developing Supply Chain Systems  1.Organizing the systems development project There are three steps in creating new systems, namely, define, design and build. Each step has a certain amount of time and budget ( (预预算算经经费费) ) that should be allocated to( (按按股股份份、、规规定定、、计计划划等等) )分分 配配 it. Organize and run the project so that the work that needs to be done in each step is done within the boundaries of these time and budget limits. To run a project well, a company needs to appoint( (分分配配；；指指派派)a full-time leader with overall responsibility and the appropriate authority and define a set of measurable and non-overlapping objectives to accomplish the project goal or mission. Then, 8/30/202449 assign project objectives to teams of two to seven people with hands-on（（有有实实践践经经验验的的））team leaders and the appropriate mix of business and technical skills. Besides, project office staff and project leader and team leaders should work with each other closely in order to update plans and budgets. 2．．Designing supply chain systems The purpose of the design step is to flesh out（（具具体体化化 ））the conceptual system design and create the detailed system specifications（（规规范范））, detailed project plan and budget needed to build the system. This is where the people who will work on the project get to（（ 开开 始始 ））8/30/202450 take a look at what senior management（（高高级级管管理理层层 ）） wants and figure out how they will do it. This is where adjustments and refinements（（改改进进、、修修正正））are made to the project objectives as the people who have to build the system consider the realities of the job before them. 3.Supply chain process mapping The project team should review the system performance criteria which will be some mix of performance targets from the four categories: customer service, internal efficiency, demand flexibility, product development. 8/30/202451 4.System prototyping to design new systems Once new process flows have been designed, system prototyping( (原原型型设设计计) )is a technique to use to design a new system that will effectively support these new processes. The process decomposition( (分分 解解) )diagrams provide the processing logic and sequences to be used an indicate the kinds and volumes of data that the new system needs to handle. There are two kinds of system prototypes: user interface( (界界面面) ) prototypes and technical architecture prototypes. An analogy ( (类类 比比) ) is to think of designing a8/30/202452 building. When designing systems, the user interface can be thought of as the floor plan and facade [fə‘sɑd]建建筑筑物物正正面面(法法)because it shows what the system will look like and how a person would move through the system. The equivalent of the structural engineering for a building is the technical architecture of a system, the hardware, operating system, and database software that will be used to support the user interface. 5.System design execution The first part of the design phase should be spent in sessions(时时域域)where the business and8/30/202453 Session:Session:在计算机中，尤其是在网络应用中，在计算机中，尤其是在网络应用中，称为称为““会话会话””。

SessionSession直接翻译成中文比较困难，直接翻译成中文比较困难，一般都译成时域在计算机专业术语中，一般都译成时域在计算机专业术语中，SessionSession是是指一个终端用户与交互系统进行通信的时间间隔，通指一个终端用户与交互系统进行通信的时间间隔，通常指从注册进入系统到注销退出系统之间所经过的时常指从注册进入系统到注销退出系统之间所经过的时间具体到间具体到WebWeb中的中的SessionSession指的就是用户在浏览某个指的就是用户在浏览某个网站时，从进入网站到浏览器关闭所经过的这段时间，网站时，从进入网站到浏览器关闭所经过的这段时间，也就是用户浏览这个网站所花费的时间因此从上述也就是用户浏览这个网站所花费的时间因此从上述的定义中我们可以看到，的定义中我们可以看到，SessionSession实际上是一个特定实际上是一个特定的时间概念的时间概念8/30/202454 technical people explore different process designs. Here is where people should “think outside of the box ”and generate as many ideas as possible. The team then selects the most useful ideas and fits them together to form a coherent and detailed map of how work will be organized an how things will be done in the new business process flow. 6.Creating the detailed project plan and budget Toward the end of the design phase, everyone involved will have a clear idea of the work they need to do and how long this will take in the build phase. Project teams are assigned responsibility for specific objectives and the 8/30/202455 people on these teams can then lay out( (安安排排) the sequence of tasks they will perform to achieve each objective assigned to them. The project leader should challenge the teams to set ambitious but achievable time frames. Teams should also be encouraged to break their work into discrete( (离离散散的的) )tasks that take one week or less because the week is the standard unit of time in business and teams must strive to( (努努力力) ) accomplish something of measurable value each week. If a certain task takes longer than a week then it is probably composed of sub-tasks. 8/30/202456 Apply the technique of process decomposition to identify these subtasks. 7.Scrutinizing[‘skrutənaɪz]审审 查查the design decision At the end of the design phase, the detailed system design and detailed project plan and budget are presented to the senior management steering committee( (指指导导委委员员会会) )or the executive sponsor( (项项目目主主办办方方) )of the project. If there are doubts about the viability [,vaɪə’bɪləti](可可行行性性））of the project or if the revised budget( (修修订订后后预预算算) )has about gotten too big, now is the time to reduce the scope of the project or cancel it altogether.8/30/202457 8.Building systems This is the “Go For It!” phase. Stick to your aim and resist temptations to change direction. Activity must be tightly focused on the completion of specific sequences of tasks. This is the step where good design and planning pay off handsomely. In this phase the project effort really ramps up( (加加强强) ). .The full complement(补补充充)of people is brought on to fill out the project teams. 9.Project monitoring Maintaining project plans and budgets is a full-time job and be recognized as such in order to8/30/202458 be successful. Since the real world never happens exactly according to plan, the project plan must be constantly updated and adjusted to reflect reality. The plan is the map of where the project is going and the progress made to date. If this map does not accurately reflect reality then the people on the project will lose track of where they are. Early reporting gives everyone more time to respond effectively. People need to understand that the project office staff are there to help track of what is really going on and make timely decisions. 8/30/202459 10.System test and roll out( (推进推进) ) The first step in rolling a system from development into production is to do a system test with all the system components in place(在在恰恰当当的的位位置置). The next step is the beta test （（ββ测测试试: :电电脑脑硬硬件件、、软软件件发发行行上上市市前前的的试试用用））of the system with a pilot group of business users. As business people in the pilot group (先先导导组组, 实实验验组组) test the system and make suggestions for adjustments, the rough edges are smoothed off. When the system first goes into production, the roll out for a big system may last a while. 8/30/202460 There is not a lot of new development going during this time, but there is a steady stream of minor enhancements and bug fixes漏漏洞洞修修复复. The project team can be slimmed down but the project leader needs to stay involved during this time to facilitate( (促促进进；；帮帮助助) )the roll out and respond quickly if some unexpected obstacle（注注意意：：发发音音） arises. 2.5 Supply Chain Business Process Integration Successful supply chain management requires a change from managing individual functions to integrating activities into key supply chain 8/30/202461 processes. An example scenario[sɪ‘nɑːrɪəʊ]场场景景: the purchasing department places orders as requirements become appropriate. Marketing, responding to customer demand, communicates with several distributors and retailers as it attempts to satisfy this demand. Shared information between supply chain partners can only be fully leveraged(起起 作作 用用 的的) through process integration. Supply chain business process integration involves collaborative work between buyers and suppliers, joint product8/30/202462 development, common systems and shared information. According to Lambert and Cooper, operating an integrated supply chain requires continuous information flow. However, in many companies, management has reached the conclusion that optimizing the product flows cannot be accomplished without implementing a process approach to the business. The key supply chain processes stated by Lambert are: demand management, customer service management, procurement, 8/30/202463 product development and commercialization, manufacturing flow management or support, physical distribution outsourcing(物物流流外外包包) or partnerships and performance measurement. Much has been written about demand management and top-performing companies have similar characteristics. They include the following: Internal and external collaboration; Lead time reduction initiatives n. 积积极极性性；；主主动动权权; tighter feedback from customer and market demand; Customer level forecasting.8/30/202464Phrases and TermsLean Manufacturing Era 精益生产时期six-sigma quality control 六希格玛质量控制just-in-time inventory 准时制库存 ORzero inventories 零库存total quality management 全面质量管理Mass Customization Era 大规模定制时期Quick Response 快速反应Efficient Consumer Response 有效客户反应8/30/202465Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) 协同规划、预测和补货Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) 快速消费品Point of Sale (POS) 销货点Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 电子数据交换lead time提前期; （订货至交货的时间）交付周期process flow diagrams 工艺流程图8/30/202466brainstorming 头脑风暴法pilot group 试验型的群组physical distribution 实物分销outsourcing 外包；外购Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理inbound transportation 内埠运输product life cycles 产品生命周期work-in-process 在制品final assemblies 总装(配)8/30/202467Questions for Discussion and Review(1) Compare the concept of a modern supply chain with more traditional distribution channels. (2) What specific role does logistics play in supply chain operations?(3) Discuss the importance of collaboration in the developing of supply chain inventory strategies. (4) Describe in your words the steps of developing a supply chain system.8/30/202468 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Goodbye!8/30/202469。