可再生电力.pdf

© IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Renewable electricity: from a global perspective to a focus on Iceland Richard M. Taylor, FEI, Executive Director International Hydropower Association •Background on IHA •Overview of the worldwide electricity sector; •Measurement of project sustainability – case study on hydropower; •Synergies between renewable energy sources – case study on Iceland; •Discussion with participants. © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Overview of the worldwide electricity sector © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 Graph 2: Estimated Global Power Generation 2010 (*20 267 TWh) (Source: IHA Activity Report 2011) Other renewables Global Electricity Supply © IHA 2012 Hydropower Wind Biomass Solar PV Geothermal Solar Thermal Tidal 1,010 GW 198 GW 62 GW 40 GW 11 GW 1.1 GW 0.3 GW Hydro Wind Biomass Solar PV Geo. Solar Th. Tidal Source: REN21 Renewables 2011 Global Status Report 76% 15% 5% 3% Global Renewable Capacity © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Forecast Change (2011-2035) © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Forecast Change (2011-2035) Oil © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Measurement of project sustainability – case study on hydropower © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 A Renewable Asset © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Energy delivered (2008) Installed Capacity 22GW World Bank Safeguard Policies; IFC Performance Standards; and Equator Principles 18 Multi-stakeholder Development © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Background document: Four methodology documents for four stages of development: Early stage Preparation Implementation Operation 19 Tailored Approach © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 20 The Protocol encompasses all aspects of sustainability TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL INTEGRATED Siting and design Downstream flows Project affected communities and livelihoods Economic viability Demonstrated need and strategic fit Hydrological resource Erosion and sedimentation Resettlement Financial viability Communications and consultation Reservoir planning, filling and management Water quality Indigenous peoples Project benefits Governance Infrastructure safety Biodiversity and invasive species Cultural heritage Procurement Integrated project management Asset reliability and efficiency Waste, noise and air quality Public health Environmental and social issues management Topics covered © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 • Climate change • Corruption • Human rights • Gender • Grievance Mechanisms • Integrated Water Resource Management • Legacy Issues • Multi-purpose Projects • Transboundary Issues • Transparency 21 Cross-cutting issues © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 22 1 2 5 4 3 * Results © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Applications © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 www.hydrosustainability.org Case Study – Results Disclaimer: This assessment is an Unofficial Assessment as it does not comply with the necessary terms required of an Official assessment. The results of this assessment do not necessarily reflect the quality required of an Official assessment and may not be an accurate reflection of the sustainability of the assessed project. © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Synergies between renewable energy sources – case study on Iceland © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Pumping Source: EDF Demand Nuclear Thermal Hydropower Time (daily fluctuations – one week to view) Special characteristics – ‘dispatchability’ © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Operational range Multipurpose applications © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Wind Hydropower Weekly cycle (three weeks shown) Capacity / demand Load Wind Hydro Schematic illustration Synergies between resources © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Image credit: ANDRITZ Smart power systems © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Geothermal progress Source: Ruggero Bertani, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 10.7 GW Geothermal progress 2010 level of deployment Source: Ruggero Bertani, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 © IHA 2012 © IHA 2012 International Hydropower Association  2012 Source: Ruggero Bertani, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 。