高三英语语法专题复习与训练九-分词.doc

第 1 页 共 10 页高三英语复习与训练九——分词9. 分词 分词既有动词的特征，由有形容词和副词的特征分词有现在分词和过去分词两种现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词没有这种区别及物动词的现在分词还有主动形式和被动形式的区别分词常用的形式如表所示（以及物动词 do 和不及物动词 go 为例）：do 主动 被动 go现在分词 doing being done going过去分词 / done gone完成式 having done having been done /9.1 分词作定语不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动分词的完成式一般不作定语分词作其他成分时，也是如此分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如 given, left 等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置例如：We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日He is a retired worker.　 他是位退休的工人There was a girl sitting there.　有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given.　　 这是所给的问题There is nothing interesting.　 没有有趣的东西分词作定语相当于定语从句，如 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.典型例题 1） The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.　 A. have written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　 D. written答案 D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which was written 2）What's the language ____ in Germany?　A. speaking　　B. spoken　　 C. be spoken　　D. to speak答案 B. 主语 language 与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。

spoken ，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language 有被动关系该句可以理解为：What's the language （which is） spoken in German?9.2 分词作状语 分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，连续等，相当于一个状语从句例如：Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.典型例题1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed　 B. Followed by　 C. Being followed　 D. Having been followed答案 B. Napoleon 与 follow 之间有被动的含义。

being followed 除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意 followed by（被…跟随） 本题可改为：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.第 2 页 共 10 页2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.　A. followed　 B. following 　 C. to be followed　 D. being followed答案 B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动用现在分词3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.A. Heating　 B. To be heated　 C. Heated　 D. Heat答案 C. 本题要选分词作为状语现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选 C它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。

如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词例如：Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用9.3 连词+分词（短语） 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.　但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个例如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. 等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼 （waiting 和 saw 的主语相同）9.4 分词作补语 通常在感官动词和使役动词之后例如：I found my car missing.　 我发现我的车不见了'll have my watch repaired.　我想把我的手表修一下9.5 分词作表语 表示主语的状态等例如：She looked tired with cooking.　她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。

He remained standing beside the table.　他依然站在桌旁9.6 分词作插入语 分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语例如：generally speaking　一般说来talking of （speaking of） 说道 strictly speaking 严格的说judging from 从…判断 all things considered 从整体来看taking all things into consideration　全面看来例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.　从他的脸色看，他一定是病了Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快 （speaking 不是 dogs 的动作）9.7 分词的时态1）一般式表示与主语动词同时发生例如：Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.　 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈Arriving there, they found the boy dead.　一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。

典型例题The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president. A. to prepare　 B. preparing 　 C. prepared　 D. was preparing　答案 B. 此处没有连词，不能选 D，否则出现了两个谓语动词 worked 和 was preparing 只能在 B，C 中选一个又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词2）完成时表示先于主语动词发生例如：第 3 页 共 10 页While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用 having doneHaving finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后，他出去了As he had finished his homework, he went out.典型例题___ a reply, he decided to write again.　 A. Not receiving　　B. Receiving not　 C. Not having received　 D. Having not received　　答案 C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。

根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式分词的否定式的构成为 not +分词，故选 C该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.9.8 分词的语态 1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动例如：He is the man giving you the money.　 （= who gave you… ）他就是给你钱的那个人He is the man stopped by the car.　　（= who was stopped by…）他就是那个被车拦住的人2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生，如 gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned 等例如： a well-read person.　　一个读过许多书的人a much-traveled may　一个去过许多地方的人a burnt-out match　　 烧完了的火柴高三英语复习与训练六——动名词6.动名词动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing 构成。

它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词 write 为例） ，不及物动词没有语态的变化时态 /语态 主动 被动一般式 writing being written完成式 having written having been written6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1）作主语例如：Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了2）作宾语　a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语例如：admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practice 训练recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 under。