HUMANRESOURCESMANAGEMENTGLOSSARY人力资源管理术语.doc

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT GLOSSARY16 [Sixteen] PF test A widely used personality test which assumes the existence within test subjects of 16 clusters of behavioural factors (e.g. emotional stability, intelligence, assertiveness, etc.). (2)360-degree feedback A multi-source performance appraisal approach. Self and others (boss, subordinate, peers, customers) rate a person and data/information is fed back on his or her ratings. (3)4/5ths Rule A rough indicator of discrimination, this rule requires that the number of minority members that a company hires must be at least 80 percent of the majority members in the population hired. (5)Rule stating that discrimination generally is considered to occur if the selection rate for a protected group is less than 80% of the group's representation in the relevant labor market or less than 80% of the selection rate for the majority group. (6)401 (k) Tax code section that permits employees to set aside a part of their salary for retirement on a pretax basis. (5)The section of the Internal Revenue Code that allows employees to save on a tax-deferred basis by entering into salary deferral agreements with an employer. (3)401(k) plan A defined-contribution pension plan in which an employee can deduct a certain amount of his or her income from taxes and place the money into a personal retirement account; if the employer adds matching funds, the combined sums grow tax-free until they are withdrawn, usually at retirement. (4)An agreement in which a percentage of an employee's pay is withheld and invested in a tax-deferred account. (6)403(b) Tax code section that permits those employed in educational institutions to set aside a part of their salary for retirement on a pretax basis. (5)The section of the Internal Revenue Code that allows employees of educational and other nonprofit organizations to make tax-deferred contributions toward retirement. The salary deferral agreements with employers are similar to those for the 401(k). (3)70 percent comfortable rule Saturn Corporation's guideline for reaching consensus among team members: each team member must feel at least 70 percent comfortable with any decision made by the team. (4)AAbility Refers to an individual's capability to engage in a specific behavior. (7)Ability Tests Tests that assess learned skills. (6)Ability to Pay The ability of a firm to meet employee wage demands while remaining profitable; a frequent issue in contract negotiations with unions. A firm's ability to pay is constrained by its ability to compete in its product market. (7)Absenteeism Any failure of an employee to report for or to remain at work as scheduled, regardless of reason. (4)The failure of employees to report to work when they are scheduled to do so. (3)Absentees Absentees are employees who are scheduled to be at work but are not present. (1)Absolute rating systems Rating formats that evaluate each employee in terms of performance standards, without reference to other employees. (4)Absolute Standards Measuring an employee's performance without comparing that employee with any other employee. (5)ACAS (Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service) A government agency established to improve UK industrial relations. It mediates in industrial disputes, seeks out-of-court settlements in cases of alleged unfair dismissal, and publishes Codes of Practice on employment matters. (2)Accept Errors Accepting candidates who would later prove to be poor performers. (5)Accepting diversity Learning to value and respect styles and ways of behaving that differ from one's own. (4)Access Discrimination Focuses on the staffing and allocation decisions made by employers. It denies particular jobs, promotions, or training opportunities to qualified women pr minorities. This type of discrimination is illegal under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. (7)Accident and sickness policies Accident and sickness policies usually provide a minimum-care stipend for several weeks up to six months to help employees defray the loss of income while they are sick or recovering from an accident. (1)Accident research The systematic evaluation of the evidence concerning accidents and health hazards. (3)Accreditation Accreditation is a process of certifying the competence of a person in an area of capability. The American Society for Personnel Administration operates an accreditation program for personnel professionals. (1)Achievement test A selection test intended to establish whether a person possesses a particular skill or ability (e.g. typing or driving). (2)Achievement, Affiliation, and Power Motives The three needs identified in McClelland's theory of motivation. (5)Acquired rights law A Mexican labor law stipulating that if a benefit, service, or bonus is paid 2 years in a row, it becomes an employee's right. (4)Across-the-Board Increases A general adjustment that。