英语动词的分类与讲解.doc

英 语 动 词 的 种 类◆提示：如下动词的分类并没有绝对的原则有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配，以及更好地学好与动词有关的语法◆牢记：有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词因此，我们要特别注意一词多义现象◆ 动词的种类分类总表：情态动词1只作情态动词使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 请你参照复习此前发放的资料2可作情态动词，也可作实义动词need/ dare3可作情态动词，也可作助动词shall/ should/ will/ would4勉强可作情态动词have to/ had better/ used to助动词1be 形式变化：am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being同步是实义和系动词2do 形式变化：does/ did 同步是实义动词3have 形式变化：has/ had/ having同步是实义动词4shall形式变化：should同步是情态动词5will 形式变化：would同步是情态动词系动词1状态系动词be特别阐明：这里列举的所有系动词自身都是实义动词但它们表达的意思不同。

请注意结合句意去理解判断2表像系动词look / appear/ seem3感官系动词feel / smell/ sound/ taste4持续系动词keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay5变化系动词become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run6终结系动词prove/ turn out实义动词1不及物动词（vi）自身意义完整背面不须跟宾语的实义动词vi背面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词区别在于它所示的含义有所不同第2页有更多内容及物动词 （vt）背面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词vt背面可以直接跟宾语2静态动词静态动词是表达静止状态的动词一般不用于进行时态A. 表达存在、附属意义的动词如：be（“是”）、have（“有”）、own, exist, live, belong toB. 与五官感觉有关的动词如：hear, see, feel, taste, smell…及watch, notice, observe, find, catchC. 表达心理状态或情感状态的动词believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find; forget; hate; hope; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; understand; want; wish……D. 接度量衡名词的动词 (+数词+单位) (这些动词的主语一般是物)weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat…动态动词动态动词是表达运动状态的动词。

可用于进行时态A延续性动词：表达行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响eat， listen， read， run， walk，work，write……第3页有更多有关内容.B终结性动词：表达行为或过程是短暂的或瞬时间完毕结束arrive; begin; break; bring; buy; catch; close; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; stop; return; go; jump…… C表达状态变化或位置转移的动词.arrive，change，come，die，go，land（着陆），leave…3使役动词A.表达“使、令、让、叫…”等意义的动词. 如: make, have, let, get, keep…第4页有更多有关内容.B.表达“使人……，令人……”的心理状态的动词如：interest; excite; astonish; move; amuse; surprise……(+ sb.)4表达动作的动词表达状态的动词表达到果的动词①put on / wear/ be on; ②look at/ see; ③look for/ find;④listen to/ hear;⑤study/learn; ⑥try to do/ manage to do⑦prepare for/ be prepared for, ⑧advise/ persuade 等。

请人们注意积累.5A谓语动词在句子中作谓语的动词注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化B非谓语动词在句子中不是用作谓语的动词变化形式：进行式、完毕式、被动式、否认式A不定式 to do形式变化：to have done/ to have been done / to be doing/ not to doB动名词doing形式变化：not doing此后有专项复习有关内容.C目前分词doing形式变化：having done/ having been done/ not doingnot having done/ not having been doneD过去分词done形式变化：not done◆有关动词分类对比与同近义动词的辨别（重点内容）及物动词与不及物动词vi用法（1）主语+ vi(+状语)(不及物动词):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurry; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand…..(不及物动词短语): show up, break down, break out, turn up, die away, die out, give out, run up, …….vi用法（2）主语+vi+介词+宾语aim + atlook +atstare +atstay +atglance + atlaugh + atcontact +with sbdeal + withdisagree + withend + in/up with wait +for depend + onoperate +onrely + oninsist + on doinglive +in/onbelong + to sbcome + to sbgo + tohappen +to sblie + to/inlisten + toobject +tooccur +torefer +torelate +toreply +toreturn +tostick +to sth graduate + fromsuffer +fromfail + insucceed +in doingfall +off/ ontostruggle + for/ againstvote +for/ against care + for/aboutapologize + to sb for doingargue + about sth with sbdie +in/ from/ of/talk +about sth/ to sbthink +of/ about/ overcompete + in sth with sbagree + to/ with / onwork +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at(要熟记它们的搭配。

)vt与vi近义词对比listen to sbsound like sthhear sbarrive in/atget toreachbelong to sbown sthpossess sthlie in +be situated in +be located in +contact with sbtouch sbtalktellwork for sbserve sbreply toanswerappearshow sth to sbrise / go up / increaseraisesitseat sblook atsee/ watchsucceed in doingmanage sth/ to dobreak inbreak intogo outturn offlook forfindgive ingive upagree with sbpromise sbA既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变 如: begin "开始"Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类似的尚有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....B既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。

如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是"升高；举起"He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的尚有：beat vi.(心脏)跳动/vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长/ vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍/ vt. 打（牌、球）演奏 smell vi. 发出（气味）/ vt. 嗅 ring vi.（、铃）响/ vt.打　 speak vi. 发言/ vt. 说（语言） hang vi. 悬挂 / vt. 绞死 operate vi. 动手术/ vt. 操作run vi. 跑步; 褪色 vt. 经营。