澳大利亚井下采矿词汇.pdf

GLOSSARY OF AUSTRALIAN HARD ROCK UNDERGROUND TERMINOLOGY 澳大利亚井下采矿词汇Adit 平硐A tunnel driven horizontally into the side of a hill or pit as opposed to a decline or shaft. Once very common due to the use of rail haulage in mines. 隧道水平进入一个矿山或矿坑，与斜坡道和竖井相对曾经在使用轨道运输的矿山很普遍Air leg 气腿子(1) A telescopic ram driven by compressed air. Designed to fit into a pivot attached to a pneumatic hand-held rock drill. (2) The assembled leg and drill. (combination also known as “Machine & Leg” or “Machine”). A non-pivoting drill and ram being known as a “Stoper ” or “Rise & Feed ” rockdrill.Air Blast 空气冲击波(1) The concussion or air movement caused by firing of explosives. Air blast is increased if explosives are unable to release energy in the breaking of rock either through not being confined or having too low a powder factor to break to the free face. (2) The air movement caused by massive failure of stopes as when a cave stops propagating (hangs up) and then releases, creating a piston type effect. AMG 澳大利亚网格 Australian Map Grid. Any of the planar grid systems derived from mathematical rules that have been applied in Australia to allow for the curvature of the earth and how it affects heights and distances (Geodetic Surveying) relative to flat planes. There are a number of AMG standards that are used by mines to orient themselves relative to other mines or in submissions to government institutions. Each is numbered by the year is was implemented. eg. AMG52, AMG96, etc ANFO 铵油炸药A mixture of Ammonium Nitrate (AN) and Fuel Oil (Diesel) used as a cheap but powerful explosive. AN by itself will explode if initiated by a booster but the addition of Diesel increases the power significantly. A major limitation being that the “prills” of AN dissolve easily in water and lose effectiveness. Annulus 环形孔，内齿轮The difference in radii between two concentric circles. Used to describe the gap between the wall of a hole and the drill string. Affects the ability to lift drill cuttings to the top of the hole and keep holes straight. A-pillarA矿柱The unbroken rock left between two mill holes to direct the ore to the millholes. Once very common but rarely left in modern mining with the development of remote bogging technology. Can also be used in very large stopes to reduce the amount of remote bogging required and then recovered once the stope is empty. Azimuth 方位角(cf. Bearing). (Arabic, “The way”) The horizontal clockwise angle to a point from a reference point or direction. Originally the reference was the pole star and as such azimuth is generally not a compass bearing. In surveying, azimuth may refer to magnetic north, true north, mine north or one of the many other norths . In astronomy the reference line is the celestial south pole. Back or Backs 悬帮 The roof of an underground working. Backfill 充填(1) The act of placing backfill. (2) Material placed into a mined opening to act as support to the walls of the opening. Can be loose rock placed by dumping (rock or mullock fill), classified tails or dunesand placed hydraulically (sandfill), stabilised classified tails (cemented hydraulic fill, CHF), cemented whole tails (pastefill), cemented rock fill (CRF), cemented aggregate fill (CAF) or any combination of the above. Barring down 撬落With the use of a scaling bar, to remove loose rock from the backs or walls especially after firing but prior to installing ground support. Scaling after installing ground support is generally referred to as Check Scaling. Bearers 托架，支座 Wooden or steel beams placed across an opening to support decking or ladders etc. Bell Wire 雷管与母线间连线A light twin-strand wire, originally used for connecting signalling bells or telephones to communicate with a hoist or chute operator. Now generally used in short, single-use runs for connecting firing line to electric detonators and as a general purpose string. Bird Cage 钢丝绳的局部断股A type of cable bolt where the end portion of the cable is frayed into individual strands to increase the anchoring characteristics. Sometimes confused with a Garford bulbed cable. Booster 助推器A high explosive charge used in combination with a detonator to initiate or increase the power of non-detonator sensitive explosives. Boom 悬臂，吊杆A rail or slide on which a drill moves, that can be articulated in any direction. A rail than can only be articulated in less than five directions is generally referred to as a mast. Brattice 风障，风帘 A temporary structure to restrict air movement for underground ventilation. Generally constructed from mesh covered in fabric. In coal mining where explosives are not used, brattice may be used in place of vent ducting to create a continuous airway even in blind headings. Brow 井口The edge of a drive that abuts a vertical shaft or stope. May go either up or down. Bulkhead 隔风墙A wall, generally to isolate or direct airflow or to hold back backfill as a kind of dam. Typically of strong construction. Bull Hose 大软管Any flexible thick-walled rubber hose whose diameter is greater than 1 ” (25mm), used f。